Latest Articles from PhytoKeys Latest 100 Articles from PhytoKeys https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/ Tue, 19 Mar 2024 04:00:36 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from PhytoKeys https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/ An updated infrageneric classification of the pantropical species-rich genus Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) and some insights into the systematics of New Caledonian species, based on molecular and morphological evidence https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/112563/ PhytoKeys 239: 73-105

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.239.112563

Authors: Myriam Gaudeul, Patrick Sweeney, Jérôme Munzinger

Abstract: Garcinia L. is a pantropically distributed genus comprised of at least 250 species of shrubs and trees and has centers of diversity located in Africa/Madagascar, Australasia, and Southeast Asia. The genus is notable due to its extreme diversity of floral form, common presence in lowland tropical rainforests worldwide, and potential pharmacological value. Across its entire geographic range, Garcinia lacks a recent taxonomic revision, with the last genus-level taxonomic treatment of Garcinia conducted over 40 years ago. In order to provide an evolutionary-based framework for a revised infrageneric classification of the genus and to investigate in more detail the systematics of New Caledonian species, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequence data for the nuclear ITS region on all samples, and for three chloroplast intergenic spacers (psbM-trnD, trnQ-rps16 and rps16-trnK) on a subset of our overall sampling. Our phylogenetic analyses are the most comprehensive to date for the genus, containing 111 biogeographically and morphologically diverse Garcinia species. The analyses support a broad circumscription of Garcinia, including several previously segregated genera (e.g. Allanblackia, Clusianthemum, Ochrocarpos p.p., Pentaphalangium, Rheedia, and Tripetalum). We recovered nine major clades falling within two major lineages, and we delimit 11 sections. We discuss each of the clades, assign them sectional names, discuss their distinguishing morphological features, compare our taxonomic treatment with the most recent sectional treatment, list representative species, note geographic distribution, and highlight some questions that deserve future investigations. We propose nine new nomenclatural combinations, four new names, and three new lectotypes. In New Caledonia (NC), a total of ten, all endemic, species are recognized and were included in our phylogenetic analyses, with several replicates per species (with the exception of G. virgata and G. urceolata, represented by a single accession each). New Caledonian species were retrieved within three separate clades, respectively including 1) G. balansae; 2) G. comptonii, G. neglecta, G. urceolata, G. virgata; and 3) G. amplexicaulis, G. densiflora, G. pedicellata, G. puat, G. vieillardii. Within NC, the phylogenies did not support the distinction between a putative undescribed species and G. balansae. However, it confirmed the distinction between NC species and both G. vitiensis (found in Fiji and Vanuatu) and G. adinantha (found in Fiji), suggesting that all NC species should be considered as endemics.

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Research Article Fri, 15 Mar 2024 14:11:40 +0200
Taxonomic notes on the genus Itea (Iteaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/117851/ PhytoKeys 239: 59-72

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.239.117851

Authors: Zhu-Qiu Song, Bu-Yun Zhang

Abstract: The genus Itea (Iteaceae) is recognised as a genus with about 21 extant species of shrubs and trees. Within the genus, most species have oblong to elliptical leaves. The lanceolate and obolanceolate leaves are only found in three species, vix Itea amoena Chun, Itea riparia Collett & Hemsl. and Itea tenuinervia S. Y. Liu. The results of our examination of literature, specimens and living plants in the wild have shown that Itea tenuinervia is conspecific with Itea riparia and is here reduced to a synonym of the latter species. The morphological description, colour pictures, voucher specimens, distribution map of Itea riparia and its related Itea amoena, together with the morphological comparisons between the two species, are provided in this study.

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Research Article Tue, 12 Mar 2024 17:48:26 +0200
Taxonomic revision of Camellia (Theaceae) in Thailand https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/113878/ PhytoKeys 239: 29-57

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.239.113878

Authors: Dongwei Zhao

Abstract: Natural plants of Camellia (Theaceae) in Thailand are taxonomically revised with a key, a distribution map, descriptions, specimens examined, and figures of living plants and/or dry specimens. Nine taxa comprising seven species and two varieties are recognized, including C. caudata, C. connata, C. furfuracea, C. kissi, C. kissi var. confusa, C. laotica, C. sinensis var. assamica, C. suddeeana, and C. taliensis. Camellia caudata and C. laotica are new records to Thailand, and C. connata and C. suddeeana are endemic to the country. Formerly recorded C. pleurocarpa and C. tenii are excluded from Thai flora because of misidentification, and C. oleifera and C. sinensis are merely cultivated in the country. Morphological descriptions of C. connata and C. laotica are improved based on additional collections examined.

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Research Article Tue, 5 Mar 2024 15:59:41 +0200
Chimonobambusa farcta (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species from western Guangxi, China with taxonomic notes on C. pubescens and C. luzhiensis https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/116592/ PhytoKeys 239: 13-27

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.239.116592

Authors: Guang-Hui Lai, Jin-Jun Yue

Abstract: Chimonobambusa farcta, a new species of temperate woody bamboos from western Guangxi, China is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to C. pubescens in the solid internodes of culms, but differs in having taller culm to 7 m with longer verrucose internodes to 23.5 cm and intranodes to 4 mm, intranode usually with a ring of 7–9 root thorns below mid-culm, abaxially brown or brown-purple verrucose-setose culm leaf sheaths with indistinct transverse veins, conspicuously developed culm leaf blades to 3.2 cm long, longer foliage leaf sheaths to 5.2 cm, larger and broader foliage leaf blades to 22 × 1.4 cm. It also somewhat resembles C. convoluta, but can be easily distinguished by having solid internodes and longer intranode 2–4 mm, very prominent nodes with supranodal ridge obviously more elevated than sheath scar, usually persistent and sometimes brownish striate culm leaf sheaths, longer culm leaf blades to 3.2 cm, and abaxially glabrous foliage leaf sheaths. Based on the morphological characteristics, this new species is assigned to C. sect. Chimonobambusa. The character description of C. pubescens are revised for its culm to 2.1 m tall, 1.1 cm in diameter and glabrous foliage leaf blades. The systematic position of C. luzhiensis is discussed, and this species is proposed as a member of C. sect. Chimonobambusa.

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Research Article Tue, 5 Mar 2024 13:54:59 +0200
Checklist of the genus Ridsdalea (Rubiaceae, Gardenieae) in Vietnam with description of the new species R. backanensis https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/113017/ PhytoKeys 239: 1-12

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.239.113017

Authors: Khoa Van Phung, Leonid V. Averyanov, Tatiana V. Maisak, Ludmila I. Krupkina, Hai Xuan Cao, Cuong Huu Nguyen

Abstract: The paper provides an identification key and an annotated list of all six species of the genus Ridsdalea J.T.Pereira & K.M.Wong (Rubiaceae, Gardenieae) recorded in the flora of Vietnam, along with data on their valid names, synonyms, types, and distribution. A new species, R. backanensis, discovered in the limestone area of Bac Kan Province (northern Vietnam), is described and illustrated. Detailed data on its characters, ecology, distribution, phenology, preliminary IUCN conservation status, and taxonomical notes are given. The newly discovered species is potentially interesting for cultivation as an ornamental tree that may be effectively used in garden and urban green architecture.

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Research Article Fri, 1 Mar 2024 18:25:22 +0200
An account of the genus Cistanche (Orobanchaceae) in Iraq and taxonomic considerations in the Middle East https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/116470/ PhytoKeys 238: 281-294

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.116470

Authors: Majed Aldughayman, Chris J. Thorogood, Abdulridha A. A. Al-Mayah, Julie A. Hawkins

Abstract: Species limits in the genus Cistanche are poorly understood, despite the plants’ long history of use in traditional herbal medicine and food across their range. Here we present a taxonomic account for the genus Cistanche in Iraq, where several taxa have been reported, most of them doubtfully. Using herbarium specimens, images of living material, and taxonomic literature, we found evidence of only one species occurring with certainty in Iraq: Cistanche tubulosa. We found no evidence for the occurrence of other Cistanche species in Iraq, including a putative new entity reported for the region. Our work highlights inconsistencies in the literature, and underscores the importance of examining multiple stable characters for delimiting species in the genus Cistanche.

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Research Article Wed, 28 Feb 2024 17:00:24 +0200
Revised checklist of endemic vascular plants of Kazakhstan https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/114475/ PhytoKeys 238: 241-279

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.114475

Authors: Serik A. Kubentayev, Daniyar T. Alibekov, Yuri V. Perezhogin, Georgy A. Lazkov, Andrey N. Kupriyanov, Alexander L. Ebel, Klara S. Izbastina, Olga V. Borodulina, Balsulu B. Kubentayeva

Abstract: We compiled a checklist of endemic vascular plants occurring in Kazakhstan, employing an exhaustive examination of literature sources, herbarium collections, databases and field observations. Our study reveals that 451 taxa can be considered endemic to Kazakhstan, constituting 7.97% of the total vascular plant diversity in the country. These endemic taxa, originating from 139 genera and 34 families, predominantly thrive in the southern regions of Kazakhstan, specifically in the mountain ridges of the Kazakh part of the Tian Shan, including Karatau (123 taxa), Dzungarian Alatau (80 taxa) and Trans-Ili and Kungey Alatau (50 taxa). Notably, 107 endemic species are granted legal protection. Detailed information regarding life form, life cycle, conservation status and geographical distribution across floristic regions was meticulously compiled for each endemic taxon. Of the six groups of life forms, herbs include the highest part of endemic taxa (367 taxa), followed by dwarf semishrubs (25 taxa), shrubs (23 taxa), subshrubs (20 taxa), undershrubs (13 taxa) and trees (3 taxa). The observed life cycles are perennials (408 taxa), annuals (33 taxa) and biennials (10 taxa). This paper serves as a fundamental groundwork for prospective investigations aimed at assessing population sizes and hotspots of plant endemism throughout Kazakhstan, crucial for determining conservation status of endemic plants.

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Checklist Wed, 28 Feb 2024 12:48:17 +0200
Ophiorrhiza reflexa (Rubiaceae), a new species from a karst region in Guangxi, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/116767/ PhytoKeys 238: 231-240

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.116767

Authors: Chao Shang, Jun Xue, Yanjie Yang, Xiaowen Liao, Quanru Liu, Lei Wu

Abstract: Ophiorrhiza reflexa, a new species from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated in this study. It is morphologically similar to O. alatiflora due to the branched inflorescence, distylous flowers and the tubular-funnelform corolla with five longitudinal wings. The new species can be distinguished from O. alatiflora by its erect inflorescence, its smaller and equal-sized calyx lobes 0.5–0.7 mm long, its corolla tubes winged to the middle and the wings straight and its strongly reflexed corolla lobes at anthesis. Ophiorrhiza reflexa is assessed as least concern (LC) according to IUCN Categories and Criteria.

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Research Article Mon, 26 Feb 2024 16:35:25 +0200
Atlas Florae Europaeae notes, 33. Taxonomic synopsis of East European species of the Cytisus ratisbonensis group (Fabaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/118031/ PhytoKeys 238: 157-197

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.118031

Authors: Alexander N. Sennikov, Valery N. Tikhomirov

Abstract: A group of species of Cytisus sect. Tubocytisus with strictly lateral inflorescences, commonly referred to as C. ratisbonensis s.l., is critically revised in Eastern Europe on the basis of morphology and comprehensive treatment of herbarium specimens and observations. Seven species and two presumed hybrids are recognised. Complete accounts are provided for each species, with synonyms, typifications, brief morphological descriptions, data on ecology and distributions, taxonomic and nomenclatural annotations. Cytisus polonicus is described as new to science, separated from C. ratisbonensis on the basis of morphology and diploid (vs. tetraploid) chromosome count. The lectotype of C. elongatus is superseded and a new lectotype is designated; this name has priority for the species previously known as C. triflorus. Six species names are newly placed to the synonymy: Chamaecytisus pineticola under Cytisus ruthenicus s. str., and Cytisus czerniaevii, C. leucotrichus, C. lindemannii, C. ponomarjovii and Chamaecytisus korabensis under Cytisus elongatus. The presumed hybrid between C. ruthenicus and C. elongatus, which was incorrectly known as C. czerniaevii, is described here as C. semerenkoanus. Cytisus lithuanicus, which has been an obscure name since its original publication, is resurrected for a newly-recognised octoploid species, which is endemic to eastern Poland, western Belarus and north-western Ukraine. The name C. cinereus is re-instated for the species previously known as C. paczoskii, and C. horniflorus is added to its synonymy; its complete distribution area is circumscribed, and its occurrence in Austria, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Slovakia is documented. Cytisus kreczetoviczii and C. elongatus are reported for the first time from Belarus, and the latter species also from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Slovenia. Cytisus borysthenicus and C. elongatus are reported as new to some territories in European Russia. Cytisus ratisbonensis s. str. is treated as absent from Eastern Europe. The neglected protologue of C. ruthenicus is discovered, and the nomenclature of all other names is verified and corrected when necessary. The original material of C. borysthenicus is re-discovered. Five further lectotypes and one neotype are designated. Distribution areas are circumscribed on the basis of numerous herbarium collections and documented observations, identified or verified by the authors. Chromosome counts published for nameless taxa from Belarus, Ukraine and Russia are assigned to the species according to their herbarium vouchers: C. borysthenicus, C. kreczetoviczii and C. lithuanicus are octoploid (2n = 100), C. ruthenicus is tetraploid (2n = 50) and octoploid (2n = 100), and C. semerenkoanus and C. elongatus are tetraploid (2n = 50).

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Research Article Fri, 23 Feb 2024 12:15:51 +0200
Atlas Florae Europaeae notes, 35. Further critical notes on Cytisus sect. Tubocytisus (Fabaceae) in Europe https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/118032/ PhytoKeys 238: 199-230

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.118032

Authors: Alexander N. Sennikov, Valery N. Tikhomirov

Abstract: A few species names in Cytisus sect. Tubocytisus are re-assessed and taxonomically evaluated. Diagnostic characters are discussed and the species status of C. absinthioides Janka, C. eriocarpus Boiss., C. frivaldszkyanus Degen, C. jankae Velen. and C. smyrnaeus Boiss. is confirmed. The holotype of Cytisus triflorus Lam. was found to belong to C. hirsutus L. rather than to the C. ratisbonensis group as currently treated. Cytisus lasiosemius Boiss. is not the correct name for C. frivaldszkyanus Degen, but another synonym of C. hirsutus. Cytisus litwinowii V.I.Krecz., which was known solely from the holotype, is a synonym of C. austriacus L. s.str. Chamaecytisus pseudojankae Pifkó & Barina, reported from a small area shared between Albania, Greece and North Macedonia, is treated as a subalpine variant of C. austriacus. Cytisus tmoleus Boiss. is removed from the synonymy of C. eriocarpus and added to the synonymy of C. pygmaeus Willd. Cytisus falcatus subsp. albanicus Degen & Dörfl. and C. pubescens Gilib. are synonymised with C. hirsutus. Cytisus microphyllus Boiss. is moved from C. austriacus s.l. to the synonymy of C. frivaldszkyanus, and C. pindicola (Degen) Halácsy to the synonymy of C. jankae. Chamaecytisus calcareus (Velen.) Kuzmanov is accepted as Cytisus calcareus (Velen.) Sennikov & Val.N.Tikhom., comb. nov., and its distribution is circumscribed. Cytisus hirsutus var. ciliatus (Wahlenb.) Hazsl. and C. polytrichus var. subglabratus Val.N.Tikhom. & Sennikov, var. nov. are recognised as glabrous variants of the corresponding species. Lectotypes of C. ciliatus, C. hirsutissimus K.Koch, C. jankae, C. lasiosemius, C. pubescens, C. rhodopeus J.Wagner ex Bornm. and C. thirkeanus K.Koch are designated. Cytisus polytrichus is reported from the Western Caucasus in place of C. wulffii auct.

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Research Article Fri, 23 Feb 2024 12:15:26 +0200
Bulbophyllum romklaoense (Orchidaceae), a new species from Thailand https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/114999/ PhytoKeys 238: 147-155

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.114999

Authors: Nicha Thawara, Thitiporn Pingyot, Piyakaset Suksathan, Saroj Ruchisansakun

Abstract: Bulbophyllum romklaoense (B. sect. Lemniscata) from northern Thailand is described and illustrated as a species new to science. It is most similar to B. muscarirubrum and B. triste, but differs by having inflorescences with only 4–6 reddish-brown flowers, falcate-subovate lateral sepals that are connate only in the upper half along the interior margins, petals with erose to fimbriate margins and a lip with long cilia in the distal half on the lower surface. A comparison with other similar species in the section, as well as notes on ecology, phenology, conservation assessment and a key to B. sect. Lemniscata in Thailand are also provided.

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Research Article Tue, 20 Feb 2024 18:03:55 +0200
Using scanning electron microscopy and molecular data to discover a new species from old herbarium collections: The case of Phlomoides henryi (Lamiaceae, Lamioideae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/117180/ PhytoKeys 238: 127-146

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.117180

Authors: Yue Zhao, Fei Zhao, Alan J. Paton, Jin-Fei Xiao, Ya-Ping Chen, Chun-Lei Xiang

Abstract: Phlomoides is one of the largest genera of Lamiaceae with approximately 150–170 species distributed mainly in Eurasia. In this study, we describe and illustrate a new species, P. henryi, which was previously misidentified as P. bracteosa, from Yunnan Province, southwest China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that P. henryi is found within a clade in which most species lack basal leaves. In this clade, the new species is morphologically distinct from P. rotata in having an obvious stem and, from the rest, by having transparent to white trichomes inside the upper corolla lip. In addition, micro-features of trichomes on the calyx and leaf epidermis can differentiate the new species from other species grouped in the same clade and a key, based on trichome morphology for these species, is provided. The findings demonstrate that the use of scanning electron microscopy can reveal inconspicuous morphological affinities amongst morphologically similar species and play an important role in the taxonomic study of the genus Phlomoides.

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Research Article Tue, 20 Feb 2024 10:30:35 +0200
A new species of Typhonium (Araceae) from Vietnam https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/112973/ PhytoKeys 238: 119-126

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.112973

Authors: Hong Truong Luu, Nga Nguyen-Phi, Quoc Dat Nguyen, Hieu Cuong Nguyen, Hong Thien Van, Xuan Bach Nguyen-Le

Abstract: Typhonium obtusum is described as a new species endemic to Vietnam. It is unique in the genus in having an oblong-elliptic spathe limb with an obtuse apex and yellowish-greenish filiform staminodes with a down-curved acumen. The ecology, distribution and assessment of the conservation status of the new taxon, as well as a key to all known Typhonium species in Vietnam, are provided.

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Research Article Fri, 16 Feb 2024 10:25:37 +0200
Re-assessment of type material of Plagiothecium novae-seelandiae Broth. and descriptions of four new Plagiothecium taxa (Bryophyta, Plagiotheciaceae) from Australasia https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/114303/ PhytoKeys 238: 95-117

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.114303

Authors: Grzegorz J. Wolski, Mikołaj Latoszewski, D. Christine Cargill, William R. Buck

Abstract: A re-examination of the original collection of Plagiothecium novae-seelandiae described by Brotherus in 1916 indicated that this material is not homogeneous. Re-examination of the diagnosis of this species and morphological analysis supports that two separate taxa should be distinguished – Plagiothecium novae-seelandiae var. novae-seelandiae and P. novae-seelandiae var. brotheri var. nov. Also, comparisons with the original collection of Hypnum lamprostachys (= P. lamprostachys) showed differences, which supported their treatment as separate taxa. Revision of the genus Plagiothecium from Australasia (CANB, CHR, HO, MEL, WELT) and types of other species described from this part of the world (P. funale and P. lucidum) supported by the study of their diagnoses, qualitative and quantitative characteristics as well as mathematical analyses (PCA, HCA) allowed the division of the examined material into six separate groups – six separate taxa. Thereby, three distinct taxa are proposed – P. cordatum sp. nov., P. semimortuum sp. nov., and P. semimortuum var. macquariense var. nov. All taxa mentioned above are described in detail, their current known distribution and ecological preferences are also included. In addition, images illustrating their most important taxonomic features, as well as an original key to distinguish individual taxa are presented.

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Research Article Fri, 9 Feb 2024 17:58:04 +0200
Ligularia lushuiensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from northwestern Yunnan, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/117340/ PhytoKeys 238: 75-83

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.117340

Authors: Xiao-rui Chi, Hai-song Wu, Long Wang

Abstract: Ligularia lushuiensis, a new species from northwestern Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It was tentatively placed in L. sect. Ligularia ser. Ligularia on the basis of the pinnate-palmate leaf venation, racemose synflorescence and pappus which is as long as tubular corolla. Within the series, it appeared somewhat close to both L. lamarum and L. pseudolamarum. However, L. lushuiensis can be easily distinguished from the latter two species by, among other characters, the leaf margin, bract size, involucre shape and size, and number and width of ray florets. Morphologically, L. lushuiensis is also superficially similar to L. secunda but differs readily by having distally shortly yellowish and brownish puberulent stems, palmately-pinnately veined leaves regularly dentate at margin, scarious, brown and larger bracts, and larger ray laminae. In addition, a distribution map and a diagnostic key to Chinese species of L. ser. Ligularia are also provided.

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Research Article Wed, 7 Feb 2024 10:56:27 +0200
Piper motuoense, a new species of Piperaceae from Xizang, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/115494/ PhytoKeys 238: 85-94

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.115494

Authors: Fan Su, Xiao-Wei Qin, Rui Fan, Lin Yan, Xun-Zhi Ji, Chao-Yun Hao

Abstract: Piper motuoense X.W.Qin, F.Su & C.Y.Hao, a new species of Piperaceae from Xizang, China, is described and illustrated in this paper. The new species resembles P. yinkiangense and P. anisotis, but it can be readily distinguished from the compared species by several characteristics. Gonophyll leaves are chartaceous and the leaf secondary vein count is 7–9, with the outermost pair being very weak when there are nine veins. Additionally, the apical pair arises 2–4 cm above the base and the leaf base is asymmetrical, with bilateral petioles that cling and heal together. Pistillate floral bracts are sessile, with 3, 4 or 5 stigmas. The description of the new species includes photographs, detailed descriptions, notes on etymology, distribution and habitat, as well as comparisons with morphologically similar species.

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Research Article Wed, 7 Feb 2024 10:40:41 +0200
Hydrangea xinfeniae (Hydrangeaceae), a new species from Sichuan, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/114289/ PhytoKeys 238: 65-73

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.114289

Authors: Jian Ru, Wen-Bin Ju, Heng-Ning Deng, Bo Xu, Xiang Zhou, Chuan-Jiong Liu, Wei Huang

Abstract: Hydrangea xinfeniae W.B.Ju & J.Ru, a new species of Hydrangeaceae from Sichuan Province, China, is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to Hydrangea sect. Dichroa (Lour.) Y.De Smet & Samain, with its distinctive characteristic being the nearly superior ovary. It shares morphological similarities with H. yaoshanensis (Y.C.Wu) Y.De Smet & C.Granados, but can be distinguished by its hirsute trichomes densely covered on the branchlets, leaves, peduncles and pedicels, broadly elliptic to rectangular-elliptic leaf blade with nearly rounded base, coarse teeth leaf margins, 3–4 pairs of lateral veins, corymbose cyme with few and loose branches, lanceolate bract, the calyx tube and lobes margin with sparsely hirsute trichomes, adaxially glabrous and abaxially sparsely hirsute petal, outer whorl filaments are linear, inner ones are awl-shaped, glabrous styles, and the nearly superior ovary. H. xinfeniae sp. nov. currently known from only three relatively small populations of the type locality, and its conservation status is assessed as Data Deficient (DD).

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Research Article Fri, 2 Feb 2024 11:46:17 +0200
Taxonomic revision of the native Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) species of Brazil https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/113277/ PhytoKeys 238: 33-64

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.113277

Authors: Juliana Cruz Jardim Barbosa, Maria Beatriz Rossi Caruzo, Ana Rita G. Simões, Marie-Stéphanie Samain

Abstract: The genus Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) has a wide and disjunct geographic distribution ranging from Eastern and South Asia to Malaysia, extending across the Neartics and reaching into the Neotropics. Regarding its infrageneric classification, the genus is divided into three subgenera: Yulania, Gynopodium and Magnolia, the latter including the section Talauma in which the native Brazilian taxa are classified. The species of Magnolia sect. Talauma can be recognized by two parallel longitudinal scars on the petiole formed by the shedding of the stipules, in addition to a woody syncarp that breaks into irregular plates at dehiscence. Currently, in Brazil, species recognition is not clear on national platforms that are widely used by the Brazilian botanical community (e.g. Flora do Brasil), with only two native Magnolia species being accepted: M. amazonica and M. ovata. The lack of knowledge about the species and their respective characteristics has resulted in many identification errors in Brazilian herbaria, which contributes to the lack of knowledge about their current conservation status. We conducted a complete taxonomic revision based on extensive fieldwork, a herbarium survey, along with literature study. Based on this, we propose to recognize three previously described species, supporting the acceptance of five native Magnolias occurring in Brazil, namely: M. amazonica, M. brasiliensis, M. irwiniana, M. ovata and M. sellowiana. However, we follow the Flora do Brasil in maintaining M. paranaensis as a synonym of M. ovata. Additionally, we designate a lectotype for M. sellowiana. We present morphological descriptions and the geographic distribution for each species, in addition to an identification key to all of these plus the two introduced ornamental species from Asia and North America, illustrations, photographs, ecological data, updated conservation status and taxonomic notes.

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Research Article Thu, 1 Feb 2024 16:08:56 +0200
Resurrection of Perilimnastes (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) with description of a new species P. nana https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/116168/ PhytoKeys 238: 11-31

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.116168

Authors: Ying Liu, Jin-Hong Dai, Qi-Yuan Zhuang, Chun-Yu Zou, Kai-Nan Ma

Abstract: Recent research has indicated that the Phyllagathis (raphides) clade (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) is only distantly related to the type of Phyllagathis and should be separated as a distinct genus. Phylogeny of this clade is here reconstructed with expanded taxon sampling. Four strongly supported subclades have been identified. The possible affinities of taxa that were not sampled in the analysis are discussed, based on morphological data. Perilimnastes is resurrected as the generic name of the Phyllagathis (raphides) clade. A generic description, colour figures, map of distribution, a list of included species and a key are provided for Perilimnastes. Fifteen new combinations are made plus the description of a new species. As interpreted here, Perilimnastes consists of twenty species and two varieties.

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Research Article Thu, 1 Feb 2024 16:08:36 +0200
Melanoseris penghuana (Lactucinae, Cichorieae, Asteraceae), a new species from North-central Yunnan, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/116343/ PhytoKeys 238: 1-10

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.116343

Authors: Jia-Ju Xu, Ze-Huan Wang, Hong-Jin Dong, Qin Tian, Li Chen, Qian-Qian Zhong

Abstract: In this paper, we describe a new species, Melanoseris penghuana, from Mt. Jiaozi Xueshan located in North-central Yunnan, China. Despite its morphological similarities to M. likiangensis, M. penghuana exhibits distinct differences in leaf texture, shape of terminal lobes, indumentum of leaves, peduncles, and involucres, as well as the length of the achenes. Additionally, the conservation status of this species is classified as Vulnerable through data analysis from two field surveys.

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Research Article Thu, 1 Feb 2024 11:39:12 +0200
Molecular and morphological evidence support a new species of Rosaceae Prunus subg. Cerasus from Wuyishan National Park, southeast China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/115098/ PhytoKeys 237: 269-279

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.115098

Authors: Xiangui Yi, Jingjing Dong, Jie Chen, Huajin Zhou, Tong Wu, Shucheng Gao, Xiangzhen Chen, Meng LI, Xianrong Wang

Abstract: Prunus tongmuensis, a new species of cherry blossom, is described and illustrated from Wuyishan National Park, southeast China. This species is characterized by its tubular to nearly bottle-shaped receptacles and dark purple drupes. It can be distinguished from other wild cherry trees by its flowers and leaves, reddish brown young leaves, presence of 1–2 glands at the base of leaves, petioles densely covered with yellowish brown villi, longer pedicels (0.6–2.5 cm), villous pistil, and dark purple drupes. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive morphological study based on specimens of the new species and its morphologically close species, field observations, and examination of pollen morphology. In addition, our phylogenetic analysis based on the complete plastid genome sequences further confirms the status of the new species and indicates that it is closely related to Prunus clarofolia, however, it notably differs in leaf shape, size, petiole villus color, gland location, timing of flower and leaf openings, and reflexed or spread sepals, as well as drupe color.

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Research Article Wed, 31 Jan 2024 17:04:42 +0200
Lysimachia danxiashanensis, a new species of Primulaceae from Guangdong, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/114484/ PhytoKeys 237: 257-268

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.114484

Authors: Xing-Yue Zhang, Jing-Min Dai, Qiang Fan, Zai-Xiong Chen, Guang-Da Tang, Wen-Bo Liao

Abstract: Lysimachia danxiashanensis, a new Primulaceae species, endemic to the Danxia landscape in Guangdong Province, China, is described and illustrated. This new species is morphologically similar to L. pseudohenryi, L. phyllocephala, L. congestiflora and L. kwangtungensis, but it differs from the similar species by its purplish-red plants, petiole without wings, calyx with orange glandular and the corolla margin serrated on upper half with orange-red glandular punctates. This new species belongs to Lysimachia subgen. Lysimachia sect. Nummularia. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that L. danxiashanensis is a distinct clade, based on the combined data of ITS and rbcL sequences. The conservation status of the new species was evaluated as Endangered (EN) according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

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Research Article Wed, 31 Jan 2024 17:00:18 +0200
Camellia zijinica (Theaceae), a new species endemic to Danxia landscape from Guangdong Province, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/114768/ PhytoKeys 237: 245-255

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.114768

Authors: Min Lin, Qin-Liang Ye, Zhi-Jian Zhang, Wen-Bo Liao, Qiang Fan

Abstract: A new species of the genus Camellia (Theaceae), Camellia zijinica, discovered in the Danxia landscape from Guangdong Province, China, is characterized and illustrated. Phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genomes suggested its affinity with C. drupifera, C. oleifera and C. fluviatilis, however, it morphologically differs from all of the latter by leaf shape and size. Phonologically, it most closely resembles C. microphylla, but can be distinguished from the latter by its young branchlets glabrous (vs. densely pubescent), fewer bracteoles and sepals, diverse leaf shape, midvein raised slightly with sparsely pubescent or glabrous (vs. prominently with densely pubescent) and leaf adaxially matt (vs. vernicose) when dried. By morphological and molecular analyses, Camellia zijinica represented a distinct new species of C. sect. Paracamellia.

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Research Article Wed, 31 Jan 2024 16:54:53 +0200
The identity of Bupleurum jeholense (Apiaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/111977/ PhytoKeys 237: 231-243

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.111977

Authors: Li-Hua Wang, Xue-Min Xu, Yi He, Quan-Ru Liu

Abstract: Bupleurum jeholense Nakai (Apioideae, Apiaceae), originally found in the Wuling Mountain of China, was initially described as a species but later treated as a variety of B. sibiricum Vest ex Spreng. However, researchers have recently found that it is more closely related to B. chinense DC. In this study, we conducted morphological and phylogenetic analyses as well as chromosome counting to determine the taxonomic status of B. sibiricum var. jeholense (Nakai) Chu. Our results showed that B. sibiricum var. jeholense and B. chinense share common features (i.e., bracteoles 5 and stem solid) that distinguish both from B. sibiricum var. sibiricum. The chromosome number of B. sibiricum var. jeholense was found to be the same as in B. chinense (i.e., 2n = 12), whereas the chromosome number of B. sibiricum var. sibiricum was 64. A phylogenetic tree based on complete chloroplast genome data revealed a close relationship between B. sibiricum var. jeholense and B. chinense. Finally, B. sibiricum var. jeholense and B. chinense were mainly found to differ in plant height, number of stems, and middle stem leaves. Based on this evidence, we propose a new combination: Bupleurum chinense var. jeholense (Nakai) Q.R.Liu & L.H.Wang.

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Research Article Wed, 31 Jan 2024 16:49:46 +0200
Taxonomic novelties in Haplopappus (Asteraceae, Astereae) from Chile https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/114461/ PhytoKeys 237: 201-218

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.114461

Authors: Nicolás García, Arón Cádiz-Véliz, Macarena Villalobos, Vanezza Morales

Abstract: Two new species of Haplopappus (Asteraceae) from central Chile are described in this article. Haplopappus colliguayensis sp. nov. is restricted to La Chapa hill, Colliguay, Valparaíso Region, and is most similar to H. undulatus but differs from the latter in its stem indumentum, leaf shape and margin, and synflorescence arrangement. Haplopappus teillieri sp. nov. has been recorded from four high-Andean localities in the Choapa, Petorca, Rocín and Aconcagua river basins, and is most similar to H. punctatus but differs from the latter in its leaf length and margin, number of peduncles per twig, width of outer phyllaries, number of ray florets per capitulum, and achene dimensions. Additionally, we propose the reinstatement of H. kingii in agreement with an exhaustive revision of type material and protologues, as well as the study of herbarium specimens. Haplopappus kingii is restricted to mountainous areas in the southern portion of the Atacama Region, and resembles H. parvifolius and H. retinervius but differs from both by its leaf margin and apex, besides additional differences from each. We provide morphological descriptions, field images, distributional maps, conservation assessments, and taxonomic notes for the three species treated, as well as illustrations for the novel taxa.

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Research Article Mon, 29 Jan 2024 20:26:37 +0200
A new species of Veronica (Plantaginaceae) from Western Iran https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/115003/ PhytoKeys 237: 219-230

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.115003

Authors: Mahfouz Advay, Dirk C. Albach, Moslem Doostmohammadi

Abstract: A new species, Veronica kurdistanica (Plantaginaceae), is described and illustrated. It grows on limestone cliffs in mountainous alpine areas of western Iran (Kurdistan province). The new species belongs to the species group of V. kurdica and is considered to be closely related to V. daranica, V. khorassanica and V. kurdica, with which the new species is compared. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA (ITS) region confirms this relationship. Veronica kurdistanica is distinguished from the mentioned species by its glandular indumentum, length and shape of leaves and bracts, number of flowers per raceme, length and width of calyx and corolla, and size of capsules and seeds.

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Research Article Mon, 29 Jan 2024 18:02:17 +0200
Isodon xiaoluzhiensis (Lamiaceae, Nepetoideae), a new species from Yunnan, southwest China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/117071/ PhytoKeys 237: 191-200

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.117071

Authors: Shi-Gang Li, Qiang-Chun Huang, Shao-Yun Liu, Chun-Lei Xiang, Huan-Chong Wang

Abstract: Isodon xiaoluzhiensis, a new species of the tribe Ocimeae in family Lamiaceae, is described and illustrated. The new species is known only from the type locality, Xiaoluzhi village in Luzhijang dry-hot valley of Yimen County, central Yunnan, southwest China. It is characterized by having a procumbent habit, gracile stems and branches, relatively small leaves and flowers, and the phenology of flowering in winter. The morphological comparisons with its putative closest relatives (I. adenanthus and I. hsiwenii) are also presented.

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Research Article Wed, 24 Jan 2024 18:23:42 +0200
A new freshwater species of Pinnularia (Bacillariophyta) from Hunan Province, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/116946/ PhytoKeys 237: 179-189

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.116946

Authors: San-Mei Xu, Bing Liu, Patrick Rioual, Man-Qi Yi, Yi-Dan Ma

Abstract: This study describes a new species of Pinnularia, P. hupingensis sp. nov., on the basis of light and scanning electron microscope images. Pinnularia hupingensis sp. nov. is characterised by its linear valve outline, extremely divergent striae, and very large hexagonal central area occupying ca. 1/5–1/8 of the valve length. The primary and secondary sides of the valve and the internal proximal raphe fissures are discussed. The new species is compared to similar taxa of the genus Pinnularia.

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Research Article Tue, 23 Jan 2024 14:44:10 +0200
Phylogenomics reveal Populus gonggaensis as a hybrid between P. lasiocarpa and P. cathayana (Salicaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/103012/ PhytoKeys 237: 161-177

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.103012

Authors: Wenyan Du, Yachao Wang, Dajun Xie, Enze Li, Yuran Bai, Ce Shang, Zhixiang Zhang

Abstract: High levels of intra-specific polymorphism and frequent hybridisation make it difficult to define species and correctly apply their scientific names. Populus L. is a challenging genus with plentiful natural and artificial hybrids. This study is a part of the project ‘Flora of Pan-Himalaya’ and aims to determine the taxonomic identity of P. gonggaensis N. Chao & J.R. He and to find out whether it is of hybrid origin. Whole-genome sequencing data were obtained from 57 samples. The SNP matrix was developed for phylogenetic reconstruction, ABBA-BABA statistics, PCA and ADMIXTURE analysis. The results indicate that P. gonggaensis is a spontaneous hybrid between P. lasiocarpa and P. cathayana. This study points out the importance of SNP data and comprehensive analyses for discovering the potential interspecific hybridisation and clarifies the usage of the name. In addition, the lectotype of P. gonggaensis was designated.

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Research Article Tue, 23 Jan 2024 14:43:06 +0200
Phalaenopsis zhanhuoensis (Orchidaceae, Vandeae), a new species from Yunnan, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/112270/ PhytoKeys 237: 153-160

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.112270

Authors: Shiyu Qin, Hanchen Wang, Yajun Wang, Chongbo Ma, Zan Li, Boyun Yang, Xiaohua Jin

Abstract: A new species of Orchidaceae, Phalaenopsis zhanhuoensis, from Xichou County, Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. The novelty is close to P. taenialis, P. wilsonii, and P. stobartiana, but differs from them by having a distinct, fleshy anterior callus with a deeply lobed apex at the base of the labellum and lateral lobes of labellum reflexed and facing outward.

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Research Article Mon, 22 Jan 2024 17:22:31 +0200
Taxonomic dissection based on molecular evidence of the Eriosyce curvispina complex (Cactaceae): identifying nine endemic species from Central Chile https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/107403/ PhytoKeys 237: 117-139

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.107403

Authors: Helmut E. Walter, Arón Cádiz-Véliz, Beatriz M. Meriño, Heidy M. Villalobos-Barrantes, Pablo C. Guerrero

Abstract: Chile’s distinctive flora, geographical isolation, and complex topography collectively contribute to a notable endemic species diversity, particularly within central regions identified as critical areas for biodiversity conservation. The cactus genus Eriosyce, as currently circumscribed, encompasses seven sections, with Eriosyce sect. Horridocatus presenting a notably complex species group. This study investigates the E. curvispina complex, a member of the Notocacteae tribe common in central Chile, by incorporating new populations and examining phylogenetic relationships using four plastid and one nuclear molecular marker. The phylogenetic analysis of sampled individuals identified nine independent lineages, each warranting recognition at the species rank. Despite minimal morphological differences among taxa, morphological characters were utilized to support and stabilize the DNA-based phylogenetic hypothesis. The results highlight the high taxonomic diversity in these cactus lineages and have implications for the classification of the E. curvispina complex, including new combinations and proposals of conservation status.

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Research Article Mon, 22 Jan 2024 16:36:50 +0200
Hedysarum qilianshanense sp. nov. (Fabaceae, Hedysareae), a new species from the Qilianshan Mountains in Gansu, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/116236/ PhytoKeys 237: 103-116

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.116236

Authors: Pei-Liang Liu, Qian-Xi Guo, Jian-Qi Zhang, Lu-Lu Xun, Yuan Lu, Ming Yue

Abstract: Hedysarum qilianshanense sp. nov. (Fabaceae, Hedysareae) is described and illustrated from the Qilianshan Mountains in Gansu, China. This new species is similar to H. przewalskii, but can be distinguished by its corolla being light purple to purple, standard 15–19 mm long, wings 14–16 mm long, keels 16–19 mm long, and the ovary and legume being glabrous. The new species can be easily distinguished from H. neglectum Ledeb. by its bract being shorter than the pedicel, and the ovary and legume being glabrous. Phylogenetic tree based on the nuclear ITS and ETS sequences shows that H. qilianshanense is sister to H. przewalskii, while the tree based on the plastid psbA-trnH, trnC-petN, trnL-F, trnS-G and petN-psbM sequences shows H. qilianshanense as sister to a clade consisting of H. hedysaroides, H. inundatum, H. americanum and H. neglectum. The new species is a diploid with the chromosome number 2n = 14. Based on morphological, phylogenetic and karyotypic evidence, the new species may originate from an ancient homoploid hybrid speciation event.

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Research Article Mon, 22 Jan 2024 16:22:21 +0200
Cyrtandra obliquifolia (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/114704/ PhytoKeys 237: 141-151

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.114704

Authors: Kenneth R. Wood, Warren L. Wagner

Abstract: Cyrtandra obliquifolia K.R. Wood & W.L. Wagner (Gesneriaceae), a new shrub species known only from Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands, is described and illustrated with notes on its distribution, ecology, and conservation status. The new species is morphologically most similar to Cyrtandra wawrae C.B. Clarke but differs by its unique combination of oblique, non-peltate, auriculate leaf bases, more deeply divided calyx lobes, inflorescence with fewer flowers and lacking profusely umbellate cymes. Cyrtandra obliquifolia is known from only two localities which have undergone severe habitat degradation from landslides and invasive plants and animals and is determined to be Critically Endangered (CR) when evaluated under IUCN criteria.

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Research Article Mon, 22 Jan 2024 10:28:55 +0200
Aletris guangxiensis (Nartheciaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/115037/ PhytoKeys 237: 79-89

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.115037

Authors: You Nong, Ke-Dao Lai, Yun-Rui Qin, Gui-Yuan Wei, Ke-Jian Yan, Chuan-Gui Xu, Zi-Yi Zhao, Ren-Chuan Hu, Yun-Feng Huang

Abstract: Aletris guangxiensis Y. Nong & Y. F. Huang (Nartheciaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. This new species is most similar to A. scopulorum, but it can be easily distinguished by its sparsely glandular, 5–18 cm long scape, glandular inflorescence axis, distinctly pedicellate flowers, sparsely glandular, 5–10 mm long pedicel, bract borne at base of pedicel, glabrous perianth divided to the base, strongly recurved or revolute perianth lobes and turbinate, obovoid to oblong-obovoid capsule. An identification key for 24 species and 1 hybrid of Aletris is also provided.

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Research Article Fri, 19 Jan 2024 14:13:28 +0200
Re-evaluating monotypic Eleutherostylis from New Guinea and the Moluccas and its inclusion in Grewia (Malvaceae, Grewioideae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/114105/ PhytoKeys 237: 91-102

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.114105

Authors: Laurence J. Dorr, Kenneth J. Wurdack

Abstract: Morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence indicate that Eleutherostylis Burret (Malvaceae, Grewioideae), a monotypic genus described from New Guinea, is best considered a synonym of Grewia L., a species-rich genus widespread across the Paleotropics and found in Africa, Arabia, Asia, Australia and the western Pacific. A new combination, based on E. renistipulata Burret, G. renistipulata (Burret) Dorr, comb. nov., is proposed. Original material of the basionym could not be located and a neotype is designated. A lectotype is designated for G. morotaiensis Kosterm., a synonym of G. renistipulata.

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Research Article Fri, 19 Jan 2024 11:28:03 +0200
From morphology to molecules: A comprehensive study of a novel Derris species (Fabaceae) with a rare flowering habit and reddish leaflet midribs, discovered in Peninsular Thailand https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/112860/ PhytoKeys 237: 51-77

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.112860

Authors: Punvarit Boonprajan, Charan Leeratiwong, Yotsawate Sirichamorn

Abstract: Derris rubricosta Boonprajan & Sirich., sp. nov., a new species of the genus Derris Lour. (Fabaceae) was discovered in Peninsular Thailand. The overall morphology demonstrates that the species most resembles D. pubipetala. Nevertheless, the species has several autapomorphies differentiating it from other Derris species, e.g., the presence of reddish midribs of the mature leaflets, sparsely hairy stamen filaments, prominent hairs at the base of the anthers, and presence of glandular trichomes along the leaflet midrib. Additionally, HPLC fingerprints of this species showed a distinction from D. pubipetala by the absence of phytochemical compound peaks after 13 min. Retention Time (RT). Results from molecular phylogenetic analyses also strongly supported the taxonomic status as a new species.

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Research Article Mon, 15 Jan 2024 11:29:54 +0200
Hypericum liboense (Hypericaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/110482/ PhytoKeys 237: 37-49

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.110482

Authors: Tian-Rou Wu, Jian Xu, Ming-Tai An, Jiang-Hong Yu, Feng Liu, Zheng-Ren Chen

Abstract: Hypericum liboense M.T.An & T.R.Wu, sp. nov. (Hypericaceae) is a newly described species found in the Maolan National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province, where it grows in rocky habitats without soil on karst mountain tops. In this study, key morphological characters were compared between the new species and the other known Hypericum species of Hypericaceae. DNA sequences were extracted from the leaves of the new species, with nuclear gene sequences (ITS) generated to reconstruct phylogenetic trees and describe its phylogenetic position in relation to other species of Hypericum. Our results show that the proposed new species has the typical characteristics of the genus Hypericum in morphology being similar to Hypericum monogynum, but differing in its sessile and semi-clasped leaves, long elliptical to long circular leaf blades, thickly papery to thinly leathery, with entire and wavy leaf margins. The abaxial side of the leaves is covered with white powder, giving them a grey-white appearance. The main lateral veins of the leaves are 8–15-paired, and the midvein on both sides is convex. The main lateral veins and midvein branch are conspicuous, with tertiary venation forming a network on the leaf surface and appearing prominently sunken. The inflorescences are 1–3-flowered, with a large calyx and conspicuous veins. The molecular phylogenetic analysis (PP = 1.00) provided substantial evidence for the proposition of H. liboense as a new species within Hypericum. Morphological and molecular evidence is presented, corroborating the proposition of the new species, including a comprehensive account of the distinctive morphological attributes of H. liboense, along with its key distinguishing features from similar species.

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Research Article Fri, 12 Jan 2024 19:06:26 +0200
A new species of genus Crenotia (Bacillariophyta) from Tibet, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/112939/ PhytoKeys 237: 23-35

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.112939

Authors: Xinyuan Na, Jiaming Liu, Ying Zhang, John Patrick Kociolek, Maxim Kulikovskiy, Xinxin Lu, Fengyang Sui, Huan Zhu, Guoxiang Liu, Yawen Fan, Yan Liu

Abstract: During the investigation of the freshwater diatoms from Tibet, a monoraphid species was observed from a hot spring near Anduo County, located on a plateau in the central portion of Tibet. This species shares the diagnostic features of Crenotia, such as the valve bent along the transapical axis, striae uniseriate to biseriate from centre to the apices and areolae with special structures located at the end of each stria. We compared the morphological characters of this new species with the others in this genus and show it to be new; it is named Crenotia tibetia sp. nov. This species has small valves with slightly protracted ends with nearly capitate apices, lanceolate axial area, central area unilaterally expanded to the margin, striae uniseriate to biseriate, but, in some valves, the striae are only uniseriate. Areolae are round small to irregular in shape and, at the end of each stria, there is a horseshoe-shaped areola present. Observations of developing valves show all the striae begin biseriate, then they become covered by silica to form uniseriate striae. Comparisons are made amongst the species in this genus and with genera assigned to the Achnanthidiaceae.

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Research Article Thu, 11 Jan 2024 18:59:30 +0200
Description of five new Luticola D.G.Mann (Bacillariophyta, Diadesmidaceae) species from Indonesia with comments on the morphological boundaries of the genus https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/113773/ PhytoKeys 237: 1-22

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.113773

Authors: Mateusz Rybak, Łukasz Peszek, Oktiyas Muzaky Luthfi, Sulastri Arsad, John Patrick Kociolek, Andrzej Witkowski

Abstract: During a survey of the Indonesian diatoms, five Luticola D.G.Mann taxa that could not be identified, based on the available literature were discovered. Based on light microscopy, scanning electron microscope observations and comparisons with similar taxa, all of them are described as new species. All taxa were found on mosses growing on tree trunks and concrete on the islands of Banda Besar and Seram and from spring on Java Island. Luticola insularis sp. nov. is most similar to L. aequatorialis and L. simplex, but it can easily be distinguished from both taxa, based on the lower striae density, the narrower valves and the well-developed silica ridges on the valve face/mantle junction. Luticola bandanensis sp. nov. resembles L. frequentissima, but they can be easily distinguished, based on their valve widths and the direction of the grooves located on the distal and proximal raphe endings. Luticola elliptica sp. nov. is most similar to L. sparsipunctata, L. tenuis and L. bryophila. Amongst all the species compared, L. elliptica sp. nov. is the only one with a highly asymmetrical central area, with the isolated pore located on the wider side. Luticola malukuana sp. nov. shares similarities with L. dismutica and L. areolata, but it has a notably higher stria density. From L. areolata, it can also be separated by the morphology of striae and the lack of ghost areolae in the central area. Luticola poliporea sp. nov. is unique in the whole genus due to the presence of multiple isolated pores.

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Research Article Fri, 5 Jan 2024 14:19:12 +0200
The History and introduction of the Daurian Lily Lilium pensylvanicum and the new combination L. pensylvanicum var. alpinum (Liliaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/111741/ PhytoKeys 236: 215-247

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.111741

Authors: James A. Compton, Andrej K. Sytin

Abstract: Manuscripts in the Archives of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg reveal the first recorded observations and introductions of Lilium pensylvanicum Ker-Gawl. from Siberia to European Russia. The naming of Lilium pensylvanicum and its attempted renaming to L. dauricum Ker-Gawl. is fully outlined. Lectotypes are designated here for the names Lilium pseudodahuricum M.Fedoss. & S.Fedoss., L. dauricum var. alpinum N.I.Kuznetsov and L. pensylvanicum f. praecox Vrishcz. The new combination L. pensylvanicum var. alpinum (N.I.Kuznetsov) J.Compton & Sytin is made and a key is provided to the varieties of L. pensylvanicum.

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Research Article Fri, 22 Dec 2023 20:12:15 +0200
Vaccinium usneoides (Ericaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/112658/ PhytoKeys 236: 187-195

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.112658

Authors: Yong-Jie Guo, Ting Zhang, Ji-Dong Ya, Wei Zhang, Xiu-Ying Shen, Zhou-Dong Han, Jing-Bo Ni, Jian-Yong Su, Yi-Hua Tong

Abstract: Vaccinium usneoides (Ericaceae), a new species from Fugong County of Yunnan Province, China is described and illustrated. This new species belongs to Vaccinium sect. Calcicolus and is most similar to V. brachyandrum, but differs in its branches hanging down, much smaller leaf blades, shorter inflorescences and pedicels, non-glandular tomentellate or densely pubescent inflorescence rachis and pedicels, densely white-pubescent hypanthium and pilose filaments.

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Research Article Thu, 21 Dec 2023 19:49:55 +0200
Lectotypification of two names of Carex buekii hybrids (Cyperaceae) and notes on their morphology, ecology and distribution https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/113435/ PhytoKeys 236: 179-186

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.113435

Authors: Helena Więcław, Radomír Řepka, Jacob Koopman

Abstract: Lectotypes are designated for two Carex buekii hybrid names. The typification is supplemented with notes on their morphology, ecology, and distribution.

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Research Article Thu, 21 Dec 2023 19:49:43 +0200
Distribution and morphology of the diatom genus Olifantiella Riaux-Gobin & Compère in Indonesian and Australian waters, including the description of O. gondwanensis sp. nov. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/111109/ PhytoKeys 236: 197-213

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.111109

Authors: Mateusz Rybak, Sulastri Arsad, Catherine Riaux-Gobin, Oktiyas Muzaky Luthfi, Gustaaf Hallegraeff, Renata Ciaś, Agnieszka Kierzek, Andrzej Witkowski

Abstract: Samples from coastal tropical waters of Central Sulawesi, Bangka Island and Bawean Island in Indonesia and from the Great Barrier Reef at Fitzroy Island in Queensland, Australia were analysed for species composition of diatom assemblages with a focus on Olifantiella. Whereas samples from Fitzroy Island littoral in Australia retrieved only one species of Olifantiella, in Poso Bay, Indonesia, we observed at least six species. All established taxa were documented with light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and principal component analysis (PCA) analysis was used to compare the species, based on the basic valve parameters of length, width, length to width ratio and striae density. A new species of the genus Olifantiella, O. gondwanensis is described from Australia. In addition, we showed the distinct nature of O. pilosella var. rhizophorae permitting to species status. Particular attention is placed on girdle bands in this genus.

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Research Article Thu, 21 Dec 2023 18:16:33 +0200
Erica L. (Ericaceae): homonyms amongst published names for African species and proposed replacement names https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/110498/ PhytoKeys 236: 157-178

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.110498

Authors: E. Charles Nelson, E. G. H. Oliver, Michael D. Pirie

Abstract: In support of ongoing taxonomic work on the large and complex flowering plant genus Erica (Ericaceae), we document nineteen pairs of homonyms representing currently used illegitimate names. We provide replacements for thirteen names and new typifications for five. We relegate five names to synonymy: Erica aemula Guthrie & Bolus under Erica distorta Bartl.; Erica armata Klotzsch ex Benth. under Erica umbrosa H. A. Baker; Erica capensis T.M. Salter under Erica turbiniflora Salisb.; Erica lanata Andrews under Erica flaccida Link; and Erica tomentosa Salisb. under Erica velutina Bartl. Finally, we suggest conservation of Erica aristata Andrews. The new names are: Erica adelopetala E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica insignis E.G.H. Oliv.; Erica bombycina E.C. Nelson & Pirie replacing Erica niveniana E.G.H. Oliv.; Erica concordia E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica constantia Nois. ex Benth.; Erica didymocarpa E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica rugata E.G.H. Oliv.; Erica galantha E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica perlata Benth.; Erica mallotocalyx E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica flocciflora Benth.; Erica notoporina E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing E. autumnalis L.Bolus; Erica oliveranthus E.C. Nelson & Pirie replacing Erica tenuis Salisb.; Erica oraria E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica spectabilis Klotzsch ex Benth.; Erica oresbia E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica demissa Klotzsch ex Benth.; Erica poculiflora E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica stenantha Klotzsch ex Benth.; Erica rhodella E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica rhodantha Guthrie & Bolus; Erica supranubia E.C. Nelson & Pirie replacing Erica praecox Klotzsch.

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Research Article Wed, 20 Dec 2023 16:13:27 +0200
The first epiphytic species of Valeriana in the world: Valeriana rudychazaroi (Caprifoliaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/110905/ PhytoKeys 236: 145-156

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.110905

Authors: Antonio Francisco-Gutiérrez, Miguel Cházaro-Basáñez, Rodrigo Carral-Domínguez

Abstract: The currently known species of Valeriana are herbs, shrubs, small trees and vines. After 20 years without new species of Valeriana in Mexico, here is described and illustrated the first epiphytic species in the genus. The species was found growing on Quercus glabrescens trees of the cloud forests from central Veracruz in eastern Mexico. It is known and described from very few specimens in the type locality. The most morphologically similar Mexican species are the vines V. naidae and V. subincisa, it was compared. Conservation assessment classifies this species under the Critically Endangered CR B1+B2ab(ii,v) category of the IUCN Red List Criteria.

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Research Article Mon, 18 Dec 2023 17:52:05 +0200
Primula lizipingensis (Primulaceae), a new species from Sichuan, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/112169/ PhytoKeys 236: 135-143

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.112169

Authors: Wen-Bin Ju, Liu-Yang He, Qi Lan, Ying-Hao Wu, Heng-Ning Deng, Xing-Jin He, Xin-Fen Gao, Bo Xu

Abstract: A new species, Primula lizipingensis W.B.Ju, L.Y.He & X.F.Gao, found in Shimian County, Sichuan, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to P. rhodochroa and P. socialis, but can be distinguished from them in having shorter plants covering with white farinose, leaf margin sharply dentate above the middle, the leaf blade becomes papery after drying, scapes obsolete, the bract linear-lanceolate to subulate, solitary at the base of the pedicel, and the white hairs present inside the corolla tube.

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Research Article Thu, 14 Dec 2023 10:09:38 +0200
Molecular and morphological evidence for a new species of Stachys (Lamiaceae) from Hunan, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/112741/ PhytoKeys 236: 121-134

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.112741

Authors: Ling Xue, Jia-Hua Cai, Min Zhan, Xiao-Ping Li, Lei Wu, Ya-Ping Chen

Abstract: Stachys yingzuijieensis, a new species from western Hunan, China, is described and illustrated. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on three nuclear ribosomal DNA loci (ETS, ITS and 5S-NTS) recovered S. yingzuijieensis within the Stachys clade and as a sister group of S. arrecta. The two species can be easily distinguished by the morphology of lamina, corolla and nutlet. A key to all species of Stachydeae from China is also provided.

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Research Article Wed, 13 Dec 2023 15:40:01 +0200
Vaccinium chaozhouense (Ericaceae), a new species from East Guangdong, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/108732/ PhytoKeys 236: 113-119

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.108732

Authors: Yi-Hua Tong, Pei-Zhao Ye, Jian-Hong Ding, Wei-Chao Huang, Wei Huang, Jing-Bo Ni

Abstract: Vaccinium chaozhouense (Ericaceae), a new species from East Guangdong Province, China is described and illustrated. This new species is morphologically similar to V. wrightii by having flowers with persistent and leaf-like bracts, long pedicels, and white spherical-urceolate corollas, but is distinguished by having glandular trichomes on the abaxial surface of the leaf blade, shorter pedicels, sparsely pilose corolla ridges, and anther thecae longer than the tubules. A key to the new species and morphologically similar species is also provided.

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Research Article Fri, 8 Dec 2023 14:44:30 +0200
A new species of Casearia Jacq. (Salicaceae) from Central Panama and insights into its phylogenetic position within the genus https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/108651/ PhytoKeys 236: 97-112

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.108651

Authors: Astrid de Mestier, Ernesto Campos Pineda, Marco Cedeño Fonseca, Orlando O. Ortiz

Abstract: We describe here a new species of Casearia from Panama based on both morphological and molecular data. Casearia isthmica sp. nov. is restricted to the mid-elevation cloud forests of Central Panama and presents morphological similarities with two more widespread species, C. sanchezii from high elevation areas of El Salvador and Mexico and C. tremula from the Caribbean, Central America, and Northern South America. Casearia isthmica differs in presenting pedunculated and congested inflorescences with up to 20 flowers, as well as flowers with 12 stamens and a pubescent style. Phylogenetic analysis based on selected plastid (petD, trnK-matK, rpl16 and rps4-trnLF) and nuclear (GBSSI and ITS) markers shows that the new species belongs to subclade B3 of Casearia, a lineage that encompasses species from Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean. Results of the morphological and molecular analysis were congruent and allowed a broader understanding of this new taxon, especially regarding its relationships to other Casearia.

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Research Article Wed, 6 Dec 2023 15:00:18 +0200
An integrative approach to species delimitation sinks three Chinese limestone karst Elatostema (Urticaceae) species https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/114837/ PhytoKeys 236: 83-96

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.114837

Authors: Zi-Bing Xin, Alexandre K. Monro, Ren-Fen Wang, Long-Fei Fu

Abstract: Elatostema is recognized as a taxonomically difficult group due to the reduced nature of the tiny flowers and inflorescences, also the large number of species (ca 650 to 700). Different opinions on morphological species delimitation have resulted in instability, which is problematic in such a speciose group. In this paper, the taxonomic status of three putative species, E. robustipes, E. scaposum, E. conduplicatum and their hypothetical closest relatives, was revised using morphological and molecular observations. Morphological comparison suggested high similarity between E. robustipes & E. retrohirtum, E. scaposum & E. oblongifolium, E. conduplicatum & E. coriaceifolium, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of four universal DNA barcodes (ITS, trnH-psbA, matK and rbcL) suggested that each species pair represents a single evolutionary lineage. Taking these two findings together, we propose E. robustipes to be a synonym of E. retrohirtum, E. scaposum a synonym of E. oblongifolium, and E. conduplicatum a synonym of E. coriaceifolium. Our results recover the number, shape and size of the bracts and bracteoles to be relatively stable characters, and the disposition of the male inflorescences on modified stems to be an unstable character, unsuitable for species delimitation in Elatostema.

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Research Article Wed, 6 Dec 2023 11:26:23 +0200
Rhynchospora mesoatlantica (Cyperaceae), an imperiled new species of beaksedge from eastern U.S.A. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/111271/ PhytoKeys 236: 65-81

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.111271

Authors: Amanda Treher Eberly, Robert F. C. Naczi

Abstract: Rhynchospora mesoatlantica sp. nov. (Cyperaceae) is described, illustrated, and compared with morphologically similar species. Rhynchospora mesoatlantica is known only from southern Delaware, southeastern Maryland, and southern New Jersey, all within the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S.A. It inhabits sunny, wet margins of natural, shallow, nutrient-poor, seasonal ponds of the Coastal Plain. Narrow leaf blades; fruits obpyriform in outline; faces of mature fruits possessing a central, pale, well-demarcated disk; and fruit tubercle margins denticulate for most of their lengths indicate R. mesoatlantica is most similar to R. filifolia and R. harperi. Rhynchospora mesoatlantica is unique in its fruit dimensions, scales intermediate in length between R. filifolia and R. harperi, and relatively long fruit stipe. The NatureServe rank of Critically Imperiled and the IUCN rank of Endangered appear warranted for R. mesoatlantica because only six populations are known to be extant, most quite small and isolated; all populations occur within a small geographic area; populations have declined; and serious threats confront the survival of the species.

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Research Article Fri, 1 Dec 2023 17:37:28 +0200
Eugenia sarahchazaroi (Myrtaceae, Myrteae), a new species from the cloud forest of Mexico https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/111421/ PhytoKeys 236: 53-64

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.111421

Authors: Antonio Francisco-Gutiérrez, Miguel Cházaro-Basáñez, Rodrigo Carral-Domínguez, Héctor Narave-Flores, Luis Islas-Tello

Abstract: Following the description of Eugenia naraveana in 2016 from the cloud forest of the Cofre de Perote volcano, Mexico, the doubt about the existence of another unlocalized and sympatric species of Eugenia remained. After years of searching, the second endemic species of the Cofre de Perote volcano, Eugenia sarahchazaroi, is presented here. It belongs to the section Umbellatae, and is described, illustrated, and compared with E. naraveana and E. coetzalensis, recently described from Veracruz, the second state with the highest diversity of Eugenia in Mexico. The species is only known from the type locality and is classified in the Critically Endangered CR B1+B2(a,biii) category of the IUCN Red List conservation assessments.

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Research Article Wed, 29 Nov 2023 10:20:25 +0200
A new species of Cotoneaster (Rosaceae) from western Sichuan, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/111819/ PhytoKeys 236: 39-52

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.111819

Authors: Mingwan Li, Dan Li, Mengfei Lu, Shuangfeng Mo, Shen Ding, Yuanyuan Chen, Yong Lai, Dangquan Zhang, Wenbo Liao, Qiang Fan

Abstract: Cotoneaster densiflorus, a new species of Rosaceae from western Sichuan, China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, we inferred that the new species belongs to Cotoneaster Ser. Salicifolii sensu Yü et al. (1974) in the Flora of China and Fryer and Hylmö (2009). This species is most similar to C. salicifolius, but differs in its leaf blade of ovate-lanceolate to obovate shape (vs. elliptic-oblong to ovate-lanceolate), smaller length-width ratio of 2.37 ± 0.31 (vs. 3.17 ± 0.32), slightly conduplicate (vs. not conduplicate), less lateral veins of 6–8 pairs (vs. 12–16 pairs), upper surface slightly rugose (vs. rugose), leaf margin plane (vs. revolute), lower surface densely grey tomentose (vs. grey tomentose, with bloom), greater corolla diameter of 7–9 mm (vs. 5–6 mm), styles 2 (vs. 2–3), pyrenes 2 (vs. 2–3), larger pollen grains P/E values of 2.05 ± 0.12 (vs. 1.19 ± 0.05) and leaf epidermis type W (vs. type I). Based on phylogenetic analysis of the whole chloroplast genome, C. densiflorus is sister to C. rhytidophyllus, but distantly related to C. salicifolius.

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Research Article Mon, 27 Nov 2023 14:19:34 +0200
Melanoseris kangdingensis (Lactucinae, Cichorieae, Asteraceae), a new species reported from western Sichuan, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/113401/ PhytoKeys 236: 29-37

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.113401

Authors: Qian-Qian Zhong, Ze-Huan Wang, Jia-Ju Xu, Qin-Wen Sun

Abstract: Melanoseris kangdingensis, a new species native to western Sichuan, China, is firstly described and illustrated, and its conservation status is also assessed. It bears resemblance to M. macrantha and M. bracteata in terms of morphology; however, there are distinguishing characteristics in terms of their leaf structure, presence of bracts, hairiness of involucre, number of florets, and length of both stamen tube and achene’s beak.

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Research Article Fri, 24 Nov 2023 09:24:12 +0200
Gelidocalamus albozonatus (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species from the southeast of Chongqing, China, and analysis of the morphological diversity in the core group of Gelidocalamus https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/111290/ PhytoKeys 236: 17-27

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.111290

Authors: Yong-Long Li, Rong Guo, Hong-Jing Zhang, Si-Rong Yi, Guang-Yao Yang, Wen-Gen Zhang

Abstract: Gelidocalamus albozonatus W. G. Zhang, S. R. Yi & Y. L. Li, a new species of Gelidocalamus, collected from Pengshui County of Chongqing City in China, was described and illustrated herein. In this study, key morphological characters were compared between the new species and other eight “gelido-” members of Gelidocalamus. By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), its leaf epidermal characters were observed in comparison with those of another three Gelidocalamus representatives. Our results show that the new taxon has the typical characteristics of the genus Gelidocalamus, both macromorphologically and micromorphologically. Moreover, it was most similar to G. tessellatus, but differed by a ring of white tomenta below per node, culm sheath base with densely purple verrucous setae and foliage leaf blades mesophyll.

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Research Article Fri, 24 Nov 2023 09:23:44 +0200
New taxa of Plagiothecium (Plagiotheciaceae) from Pakistan https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/109519/ PhytoKeys 236: 1-16

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.109519

Authors: Grzegorz J. Wolski, Aamir Shehzad Khan, Beata Paszko

Abstract: A revision of specimens of Plagiothecium deposited in the herbarium of Pakistan Museum of Natural History (PMNH) collected during a Japanese lead project on Cryptogams in the Western Himalaya (Pakistan) shows that the material consists of five taxa. Of the studied samples, the most common taxa were from the P. denticulatum complex, including Plagiothecium denticulatum var. obtusifolium, new to Pakistan. Examination of the rest of the collection showed that it consists of specimens with a unique combination of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of their gametophyte. For example, for small plants, with small asymmetrical, folded leaves, gradually tapering into long, acuminate, not denticulate apex, whose leaf cells are long and narrow, making the cell areolation tight, the name Plagiothecium filifolium is proposed. For other plants with large leaves, loosely arranged on the stem, concave, symmetrical to slightly asymmetrical, with denticulate apex and long decurrency composed of rectangular and spherical, inflated cells, the name Plagiothecium higuchii is proposed. However, within this material, specimens differ in terms of the length and width of the leaf cells and therefore, within this taxon, two varieties are distinguished: Plagiothecium higuchii var. higuchii and Plagiothecium higuchii var. brevicellum.

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Research Article Thu, 23 Nov 2023 09:16:02 +0200
A taxonomic revision of Thai Fernandoa Welw. ex Seem. (Bignoniaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/112839/ PhytoKeys 235: 249-270

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.112839

Authors: Chatchai Ngernsaengsaruay, Nattanon Meeprom, Weereesa Boonthasak, Yanatshara Attasook, Raweewan Thunthawanich

Abstract: A taxonomic revision of Fernandoa Welw. ex Seem. (Bignoniaceae) in Thailand is presented. Two species, F. adenophylla (Wall. ex G. Don) Steenis and F. collignonii (Dop) Steenis, are enumerated with updated morphological descriptions, illustrations and a taxonomic identification key, together with notes on distributions, distribution maps, habitats and ecology, phenology, conservation assessments, etymology, vernacular names, uses, and specimens examined. The collection of Wallich Cat. 6502A from Myanmar, Ava at G [G00133642] is designated here as the lectotype of F. adenophylla in a second step lectotypification. F. collignonii has a conservation status of Endangered [EN]. The leaf, stem, and wood anatomy and pollen morphology of F. adenophylla are also reported in this study.

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Research Article Wed, 22 Nov 2023 16:11:53 +0200
Curcuma maxwellii and C. rubroaurantiaca (Zingiberaceae, Zingiberoideae), two new species from Thailand https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/111400/ PhytoKeys 235: 237-248

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.111400

Authors: Jana Leong-Škorničková, Sutthinut Soonthornkalump, Anders Jan Lindström, Sira Niwesrat, Sarah Qing Lim, Piyakaset Suksathan

Abstract: Curcuma maxwellii sp. nov. and Curcuma rubroaurantiaca sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae, Zingiberoideae, Zingibereae), two new red-orange-flowered species from Thailand, are described. They are compared to the morphologically closest species from the Curcuma subgen. Ecomatae and detailed descriptions, colour plates and information on their distribution, ecology, phenology and uses are provided. Preliminary IUCN conservation assessments for both of these species are proposed as Least Concern

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Research Article Mon, 20 Nov 2023 18:29:40 +0200
Five new and noteworthy species of Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae) from southwestern China based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/111230/ PhytoKeys 235: 211-236

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.111230

Authors: Ji-Dong Ya, Wan-Ting Wang, Yun-Long Liu, Hong Jiang, Zhou-Dong Han, Ting Zhang, Hua Huang, Jie Cai, De-Zhu Li

Abstract: Five new orchid species from southwestern China’s Yunnan Province and the Tibetan Autonomous Region, Neottia lihengiae, Neottia chawalongensis, Papilionanthe motuoensis, Gastrochilus lihengiae, and Gastrochilus bernhardtianus, are described and illustrated. To confirm their identities, and to resolve phylogenetic relationships, we sequenced the complete plastomes of these taxa with their congeneric species, adding new plastomes of three Neottia species, two Papilionanthe species and nine Gastrochilus species. Combined with published plastid sequences, our well-resolved phylogeny supported the alliance of N. lihengiae with the the N. grandiflora + N. pinetorum clade. Neottia chawalongensis is now sister to N. alternifolia, while P. motuoensis is closely related to P. subulata + P. teres. Conversely, phylogenetic analyses based on complete plastomes and plastid sequences showed inconsistent relationships among taxa in the genus Gastrochilus, but the two new species, G. lihengiae and G. bernhardtianus were supported by all datasets.

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Research Article Mon, 20 Nov 2023 17:20:38 +0200
Synotis jinpingensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species with white ray florets from southeastern Yunnan, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/112230/ PhytoKeys 235: 199-210

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.112230

Authors: Liao-Chen Zhao, Ren Chen, Zhi-Yong Yu, Ming Tang, Qin-Er Yang

Abstract: Synotis jinpingensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from Jinping county in southeastern Yunnan province, China, is described and illustrated. This species is distinguished by having white ray florets in the genus Synotis, in which only species with yellow ray florets have been hitherto known. In habit and leaf shape S. jinpingensis is most closely similar to S. duclouxii, a species occurring in southwestern Guizhou, southern Sichuan and northeastern Yunnan, China, but differs, in addition to the color of ray florets, by having fewer lateral veins of leaves, obviously longer bracts of calyculus, and larger phyllaries. The membership of the new species within Synotis is strongly corroborated by evidence from floral micromorphology and phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequence data. Color photographs of living plants, a distribution map, and provisional IUCN status of S. jinpingensis are provided.

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Research Article Mon, 20 Nov 2023 17:18:18 +0200
Lysimachia cavicola (Primulaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/109528/ PhytoKeys 235: 189-198

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.109528

Authors: You Nong, Yuan Fang, Chuan-Gui Xu, Gui-Yuan Wei, Ke-Jian Yan, Ren-Chuan Hu, Yuan-Guang Wen

Abstract: Lysimachia cavicola (Subgen. Idiophyton, Primulaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China, is here described and illustrated based on morphological data. Although it shares similarities with L. microcarpa, L. fooningensis, and L. capillipes, there are distinguishing characteristics that set it apart. These include erect stems either solitary or in clusters of 1 to 2, herbaceous, terete, and densely glandular hairy. The leaves are either ovate or elliptical lanceolate, with inconspicuously reticulate veins. The petiole measures 2–4 mm in length covered with minute glandular hairy. The corolla is deeply parted, measuring 6–8 mm in length, with narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong lobes that are 1–2 mm wide. The capsule is globose, measuring 2–3 × 2–3 mm, and possesses a chalky, brittle texture, which splits into 5-valved segments. The calyx of the plant appears yellowish-white during fruiting. This newly discovered species is endemic to limestone areas in Fengshan County, Guangxi, China.

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Research Article Fri, 17 Nov 2023 18:03:05 +0200
Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Hosta (Asparagaceae) on Shikoku Island, Japan, including five new species, one new subspecies, and two new status assignments https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/99140/ PhytoKeys 235: 137-187

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140

Authors: Tetsukazu Yahara, Shun K. Hirota, Seiko Fujii, Yasushi Kokami, Kengo Fuse, Hiroyuki Sato, Shuichiro Tagane, Yoshihisa Suyama

Abstract: Japan has 16 native species of the genus Hosta Tratt. (Asparagaceae). A recent study on Hosta based on field surveys and molecular phylogenetic analyses resulted in the discovery of six unknown taxa in Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku Island, southwestern Japan. We aimed to identify these unknown taxa. Therefore, we constructed a finely resolved phylogeny for 320 Hosta samples collected from the Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu Islands using multiplex inter-simple sequence repeat genotyping by sequencing (MIG-seq). Based on this phylogenetic analysis and related morphological observations, we describe five new species, H. longipedicellata sp. nov., H. minazukiflora sp. nov., H. polyneuronoides sp. nov., H. samukazemontana sp. nov., and H. takiminazukiflora sp. nov. and one new subspecies, H. takiminazukiflora subsp. grandis subsp. nov. In addition, we propose two new status assignments, H. tardiva subsp. densinervia comb. and stat. nov. and H. scabrinervia stat. nov. We also propose classifying H. kikutii var. tosana as a species, H. tosana. Further studies that combine MIG-seq with careful morphological observations are needed for Hosta plants on all Japanese islands, which may result in the discovery of even more undescribed species.

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Research Article Fri, 17 Nov 2023 17:58:30 +0200
First record of the genus Camptotheca (Nyssaceae) in Vietnam and the lectotypification of C. acuminata https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/113267/ PhytoKeys 235: 129-136

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.113267

Authors: Zhen-Hua Zhu, Ngoc Bon Trinh, Thanh Son Hoang, Bo Li

Abstract: As a primary source of anticancer camptothecin, Camptotheca (Nyssaceae) is an economically valuable genus and has long been recorded as endemic to China. Here, Camptotheca is reported as a new record to the flora of Vietnam with the discovery of a wild population of C. acuminata from Lai Chau Province of northern Vietnam. Based on the consultation of relevant literature and type specimens of C. acuminata, a lectotype of the species is designated. Photographic illustrations, morphological description and a distribution map of C. acuminata is provided, and a key to all known species of Nyssaceae in Vietnam is presented, too.

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Research Article Wed, 15 Nov 2023 18:08:32 +0200
Taxonomic revision of the Erigeron acris group (Asteraceae) in Murmansk Region, Russia, reveals a complex pattern of native and alien taxa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/111020/ PhytoKeys 235: 83-128

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.111020

Authors: Alexander N. Sennikov, Mikhail N. Kozhin

Abstract: Based on the evidence of morphology and a comprehensive revision of herbarium collections and field records, the taxonomy of the Erigeron acris group in Murmansk Region, European Russia, is completely revised. Its accepted diversity is increased from 2 to 8 taxa, including putative hybrids. The only native species, E. politus, is distributed in mountainous regions, along sea coasts and in the Kutsa River basin. Five species are alien: E. rigidus (previously confused with E. acris s.str.), E. acris s.str. (first recorded in the narrow taxonomic definition), E. brachycephalus (previously unrecorded), E. droebachiensis and E. uralensis (previously reported in error). Two major waves of the introduction of alien taxa are discovered, with different occurrences and species compositions. Regional and local dispersal by pomors (historical Russian settlers) occurred during their colonisation and traditional activities since the 12th century (archaeophytes or early neophytes); such alien taxa (E. rigidus, E. brachycephalus, and partly E. acris) are particularly common within the territory traditionally settled by Russian colonists but also found elsewhere along historical trade routes. Other alien species of the E. acris group (E. droebachiensis, E. uralensis, and partly E. acris and E. brachycephalus) colonised industrial areas in the 1960s–1990s as seed contaminants introduced during revegetation of slag dumps, stockyards, dams and channels. Putative hybrids between E. politus (native), E. rigidus and E. acris (aliens) are found in the places of co-occurrence. Updated nomenclature, synonymy and descriptions are provided for all accepted taxa.

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Research Article Wed, 15 Nov 2023 18:08:07 +0200
Mazus motuoensis (Mazaceae), a new species from Xizang, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/111092/ PhytoKeys 235: 69-79

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.111092

Authors: Wen-Bin Ju, Xiong Li, Heng-Ning Deng, Meng Li, Xing-Jin He, Xin-Fen Gao, Bo Xu

Abstract: Mazus motuoensis W.B.Ju, Bo Xu bis & X.F.Gao is a newly described species found in Xizang Autonomous Region, China. Morphologically, this species differs from all the other known Mazus species by having erect perennial herb form with a rhizome, presence of multicellular hairs, without basal leaves, opposite arrangement of stem leaves, and corolla lobes with erose-toothed margins. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using nuclear and cpDNA genes suggests that this new species occupies a basal position within Mazus. In conclusion, both morphological evidence and molecular phylogenetic analyses support that this species belongs to Mazus and represents an as-yet-unreported new species with distinct differences from other species within the genus.

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Research Article Tue, 14 Nov 2023 17:36:42 +0200
Neottia maolanensis, a replacement name for Neottia bifida M.N.Wang (Orchidaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/113651/ PhytoKeys 235: 81-82

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.113651

Authors: Mei-Na Wang, Xin-Yi Wu, Cheng-Jiang Tan, Ping Yu, Wen-Hui Rao, Jie-Shan Chen, Jian Li, Jian-Bing Chen

Abstract: According to Articles 53.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code), Neottia bifida M.N.Wang (as 'bifidus'; PhytoKeys 229: 222, 2023) is an illegitimate name, and hence a new name Neottia maolanensis M. N. Wang is proposed here.

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Research Article Tue, 14 Nov 2023 17:36:15 +0200
Pollen morphology of Clerodendrum L. (Lamiaceae) from China and its systematic implications https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/111516/ PhytoKeys 235: 53-68

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.111516

Authors: Xiakai Huang, Rui Wu, Zheng Xiong, Zhonghui Ma

Abstract: Pollen morphology of 26 taxa of Clerodendrum, as well as one species of Volkameria from China, was investigated through a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Pollen grains of Clerodendrum are monads, radiosymmetric and tricolpate, with medium or large size. The equatorial view of the pollen grains is spheroidal or subprolate and the polar view is (sub) circular or rounded triangular. The colpus membrane of the investigated taxa is sunken (rarely even). Five varying pollen types are delimited on the basis of exine sculpturing: (1) spine-tectum perforatum; (2) spine-tectum imperforatum; (3) microspine-tectum perforatum; (4) microspine-tectum imperforatum; and (5) obtuser spine. The results indicate that Clerodendrum is closely related to several genera in Lamiaceae, including Aegiphila, Amasonia, Kalaharia, Tetraclea, Volkameria, Oxera, Faradaya, and Hosea, as supported by previous phylogenic studies. Additionally, the conventional infrageneric classification of Clerodendrum based on inflorescence and leaf characters is not supported by the results. However, the palynological data can be used to identify some closely related species with similar external characteristics. In conclusion, the investigation of pollen morphology not only contributes novel data from palynology for Clerodendrum but also provides a basis for future comprehensive classification of this genus.

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Research Article Fri, 10 Nov 2023 18:57:05 +0200
Gesneria tuberifera (Gesneriaceae), a new lithophytic species from the Sierra de Bahoruco, Barahona Peninsula of southern Hispaniola (Dominican Republic) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/110476/ PhytoKeys 235: 43-52

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.110476

Authors: John L. Clark, Teodoro Clase

Abstract: A narrowly endemic new species of Gesneria is described from the Sierra de Bahoruco in the Dominican Republic’s Barahona Peninsula of southern Hispaniola. Gesneria tuberifera J.L.Clark & T.Clase, sp. nov. differs from all other congeners by the presence of a tuber and tubular red corollas with yellow lobes. Images and a discussion are provided to summarize the presence of tubers in other Gesneriaceae and differentiate Gesneria tuberifera from congeners that share a lithophytic habit. Based on IUCN guidelines, a preliminary conservation status of Endangered (EN) is assessed for G. tuberifera.

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Research Article Fri, 10 Nov 2023 10:34:11 +0200
Bomarea pastazensis (Alstroemeriaceae), an exceptionally small new species from the eastern Andean slopes of Ecuador https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/110525/ PhytoKeys 235: 31-42

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.110525

Authors: John L. Clark, Alisson Fierro-Minda, Nolan Exe, Mia Johnson, Carrie M. Tribble, Lou Jost

Abstract: Recent field research on the eastern slopes of the Andes resulted in the discovery of a new species of Bomarea from the Cerro Candelaria Reserve in the Tungurahua province of Ecuador. Bomarea pastazensis is the second smallest species in the genus and differs from the smallest by the presence of glutinous trichomes on the ovary, glabrous sepals, and greenish-yellow petals with purple spots. Based on IUCN guidelines, a preliminary conservation status is assigned as Vulnerable (VU).

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Research Article Fri, 10 Nov 2023 10:32:58 +0200
Paraboea zunyiensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from north Guizhou, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/111412/ PhytoKeys 235: 21-29

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.111412

Authors: Tan Deng, Fang Wen, Da-Jun Xie, Ruo-Xun Wei, Lin He, Quan-Li Dou, Zheng-Min Qian, Ren-Bo Zhang

Abstract: A new lithophytic species, Paraboea zunyiensis T.Deng, F.Wen & R.B.Zhang (Gesneriaceae), inhabiting Karst rocks in northern Guizhou, China, is introduced and depicted in this study. It bears a resemblance to P. crassifolia (Hemsl.) B.L. Burtt, yet is distinguishable by its shorter filaments and staminodes, triangular ovate calyx segments, and ovaries surpassing the styles in length. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree constructed from nuclear DNA (ITS) and plastid DNA (trnL-F) data firmly support the differentiation of this novel species from P. crassifolia.

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Research Article Mon, 6 Nov 2023 18:02:27 +0200
Four new species of Perilimnastes (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) from Vietnam https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/112133/ PhytoKeys 235: 1-19

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.112133

Authors: Jin-Hong Dai, Truong Van Do, Ying Liu

Abstract: Perilimnastes is a genus currently treated in the polyphyletic Phyllagathis. Recent phylogenomic analyses have identified a morphologically cohesive lineage referred to as the Phyllagathis (raphides) clade, which should be excluded from Phyllagathis and treated as a distinct genus under the name Perilimnastes. Morphological and phylogenomic data have confirmed that four new species collected from Vietnam are part of the Phyllagathis (raphides) clade. They are described herein as Perilimnastes multisepala, P. setipetiola, P. uniflora, and P. banaensis. Perilimnastes multisepala is phylogenetically closest to Phyllagathis setotheca, and morphologically to P. fruticosa and P. stenophylla, but is distinct in the 4- to 8-lobed calyx, 28 × 9 mm, apically long acuminate petals, and 1–2 mm pedicel at fruiting stage. Perilimnastes setipetiola, P. uniflora, and P. banaensis are phylogenetically most closely related. Perilimnastes uniflora is characterized by its prostrate habit, small size, glabrous, obovate to obovate-lanceolate leaf blade, and solitary flower. Perilimnastes setipetiola and P. banaensis resemble each other in habit, leaf size and shape, and sessile or near sessile inflorescences but can be easily distinguished by the indumentum of the stems and leaves.

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Research Article Fri, 3 Nov 2023 12:00:03 +0200
Preliminary checklist of the genus Festuca L. (Loliinae, Pooideae, Poaceae) in the Altai Mountains with outlines for further studies https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/105385/ PhytoKeys 234: 229-274

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.105385

Authors: Polina D. Gudkova, Elizaveta A. Kriuchkova, Alexander I. Shmakov, Marcin Nobis

Abstract: Here we present an updated checklist of the genus Festuca in the Altai Mountains (AM). The study was carried out on the abundant herbarium material and considered the latest published phylogenetic analyses. Festuca was revised within the scope of the fine-leaved group (clade) with two sections, sect. Aulaxyper and sect. Festuca. Two species, namely F. richardsonii and F. lenensis, were previously misidentified and are not present in the AM. Festuca brevissima is a new record for the Russian part of the AM and for the flora of Mongolia. In total, our revision shows that 17 species of fine-leaved fescues are present in the area of AM. In this paper, we provide a key to species identification, as well as illustrations of plants, habits, leaves, spikelets, and glumes. Information on nomenclature types, synonymy, flowering period, chromosome numbers, habitats, and general distribution along with distribution maps of the particular species within the AM are included.

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Checklist Thu, 26 Oct 2023 15:51:52 +0300
Taxonomic revision of Camellia langbianensis (Theaceae) with four new synonyms https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/110218/ PhytoKeys 234: 275-281

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.110218

Authors: Dongwei Zhao

Abstract: Based on analysis of morphologically diagnostic characters, Camellia langbianensis, a yellow camellia native to southern Vietnam, is taxonomically revised to include four new heterotypic synonyms: C. decora, C. dongnaiensis, C. oconoriana and C. tadungensis. Camellia vidalii is retained in the synonymy of C. langbianensis. Updated description and distribution map for C. langbianensis are provided.

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Research Article Thu, 26 Oct 2023 11:48:02 +0300
Walsura guangxiensis (Meliaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/106205/ PhytoKeys 234: 219-227

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.106205

Authors: You Nong, Chuan-Gui Xu, Gui-Yuan Wei, Ke-Jian Yan, Xin-Cheng Qu, Zhan-Jiang Zhang, Ren-Chuan Hu, Yun-Feng Huang

Abstract: Walsura guangxiensis (Meliaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China, is here described and illustrated. The new species is easily distinguishable from the other two Chinese members of the genus by its petals being pale yellow, filaments being connate into tubes above the middle, the berry being oval and glabrous. An identification key of Walsura for 17 species is also provided.

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Research Article Thu, 26 Oct 2023 09:50:35 +0300
Anoectochilus zhongshanensis (Orchidaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/111106/ PhytoKeys 234: 203-218

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.111106

Authors: Yan-Bin Wu, Yu Han, Xu-Hui He, Hui-Ling Chen, Jin-Zhong Wu, Qi Ye, Cheng-Jian Zheng

Abstract: A new species of Anoectochilus (Orchidaceae) from Guangxi, China, A. zhongshanensis, is described here, which was identified based on phylogenetic studies adopting combined plastid markers (rbcL-matK-trnL-F), morphological observation and chemical analysis. Molecular phylogenetic results support the systematic status of A. zhongshanensis as a new species in Anoectochilus genus. Morphologically, this new species is similar to A. zhejiangensis and A. malipoensis, but differs by its characteristic labellum and column, including the hastate or scalpel-shaped lobes of epichile, forward curved and pinnately divided cristate lobes at both sides of the mesochile and inverted triangle column wings. Furthermore, HPLC-ELSD analysis of these three species revealed the interesting chemotaxonomic difference that the principle and characteristic lactone glycoside in this new species was kinsenoside, rather than its diastereoisomer, goodyeroside A, a major glycoside in A. zhejiangensis and A. malipoensis.

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Research Article Wed, 25 Oct 2023 18:10:34 +0300
A new species of Mollinedia (Monimiaceae, Laurales) from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/109804/ PhytoKeys 234: 189-201

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.109804

Authors: Danilo Alvarenga Zavatin, Renato Ramos, Mauricio Takashi Coutinho Watanabe, Luciano Gonçalves Pedrosa, Elton John de Lírio

Abstract: Monimiaceae comprises approximately 26 genera and 250 species, with a pantropical distribution, predominantly occurring in humid forests. In Brazil, it is represented by five genera and 47 species, most of which are found in the Atlantic Forest, particularly in dense ombrophilous forest. Nevertheless, studies on this family in other biomes and vegetation types in Brazil are still scarce. The Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF), a region located in the state of Minas Gerais, exhibits high plant species richness and endemism. During collections and analysis of herbarium materials from this region, some specimens of Mollinedia caught our attention due to a combination of characteristics that do not match those of any described species within the genus. For this reason, we describe this new taxon and assess its risk of extinction. Additionally, we review the occurrences of Monimiaceae in the QF and provide maps of its geographical distribution. With the description of this new species, the region now hosts eight species of Monimiaceae, two from the genus Macropeplus and six from Mollinedia. The new species is the first endemic species of the Monimiaceae family to be described in the QF. Concerning the extinction risk assessment, the new species was assessed as critically endangered.

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Research Article Mon, 23 Oct 2023 19:05:38 +0300
Ardisia krauensis, a new species of Primulaceae (Myrsinoideae) from Peninsular Malaysia https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/106829/ PhytoKeys 234: 181-188

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.106829

Authors: Avelinah Julius, Suhaimi Syahida-Emiza, Timothy M. A. Utteridge

Abstract: Ardisia krauensis, a new species of Primulaceae from Peninsular Malaysia, is described and illustrated. The new species is assignable into subgenus (§) Pyrgus on account of specialised lateral reproductive branches bearing a terminal inflorescence subtended by foliose bracts. Morphologically, the new species mostly resembles Ardisia rigida in having elliptic leaves. However, the new species can be distinguished by the combination of its lateral veins number, the inflorescence branching pattern, the rachis and flower colour, and the stigma shape. Ardisia krauensis is found in an entirely protected habitat, thus, it is assessed as Least Concern (LC).

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Research Article Mon, 23 Oct 2023 18:56:34 +0300
Lithocarpus tapanuliensis (Fagaceae), a new stone oak from northern Sumatra and its role as an important resource for critically endangered orangutans https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/106015/ PhytoKeys 234: 167-179

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.106015

Authors: Try Surya Harapan, Wei Harn Tan, Thoriq Alfath Febriamansyah, Nurainas, Syamsuardi, Joeri Sergej Strijk

Abstract: A new species of stone oak, Lithocarpus tapanuliensis Harapan, W.H.Tan, Nurainas & Strijk from South Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia is described. We provide colour photographs, a distribution map and a new IUCN conservation status assessment for inclusion on the global Red List. The unique cupule morphology, particularly the shape, placement and distinctness of the cupule protuberances, are distinctive from other Lithocarpus species in the region. Ecological interactions (e.g. consumption and nesting) with Tapanuli orangutans were recorded in the field.

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Research Article Fri, 20 Oct 2023 14:05:07 +0300
Karyotype and genome size variation in Delphinium subg. Anthriscifolium (Ranunculaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/108841/ PhytoKeys 234: 145-165

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.108841

Authors: Xiao-Yu Luo, Tang-Jie Nie, Heng Liu, Xue-Fei Ding, Ying Huang, Chun-Ce Guo, Wen-Gen Zhang

Abstract: Five taxa of Delphinium subg. Anthriscifolium have been karyologically studied through chromosome counting, chromosomal measurement, and karyotype symmetry. Each taxon that we investigated has a basic chromosome number of x = 8, D. anthriscifolium var. savatieri, D. anthriscifolium var. majus, D. ecalcaratum, and D. callichromum were diploid with 2n = 16, while D. anthriscifolium var. anthriscifolium was tetraploid with 2n = 32. Monoploid chromosome sets of the investigated diploid taxa contained 1 metacentric chromosome, 3 submetacentric chromosomes, and 4 subtelocentric chromosomes. Higher interchromosomal asymmetry (CVCL) was present in D. ecalcaratum and D. callichromum than in other taxa. The highest levels of intrachromosomal asymmetry (MCA) and heterogeneity in centromere position (CVCI) were found in D. anthriscifolium var. majus. Diploid and tetraploid genome sizes varied by 3.02–3.92 pg and 6.04–6.60 pg, respectively. Karyotype and genome size of D. anthriscifolium var. savatieri, D. anthriscifolium var. majus, D. callichromum, and D. ecalcaratum were reported for the first time. Finally, based on cytological and morphological data, the classification of Delphinium anthriscifolium was revised.

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Research Article Wed, 18 Oct 2023 14:03:18 +0300
Primula xilingensis (Primulaceae), a new species from Sichuan, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/108411/ PhytoKeys 234: 135-143

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.108411

Authors: Junjia Luo, Mingke Zhang, Xiaofeng Liu, Hui Chen, Tingyu Li, Xudong Ma, Ke Huang, Zhixi Fu

Abstract: A new species, Primula xilingensis K.Huang & Z.X.Fu, sp. nov. (Primulaceae), is described and illustrated. In gross morphology, it is clearly allied to section Minutissimae on account of having stolons, being glabrous, leaf rosette less than or equal to corolla, flower solitary and bract not swollen at base. The new species is easily distinguished by the combination of scape densely yellow farinose, leaf apex acute, rarely broadly obtuse, corolla pale purplish blue and style 3.0–6.0 mm above base of corolla tube, stamens reaching the corolla tube mouth in thrum flower. In addition, the distribution map, morphological comparison of related species and conservation status of the new species are also provided.

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Research Article Wed, 18 Oct 2023 10:57:16 +0300
Lagerstroemia stenophylla (Lythraceae), a new species from China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/111861/ PhytoKeys 234: 127-133

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.111861

Authors: Bao-Huan Wu, Xing Hu, Wen-Hui Tu, Wei Wang, Se-Ping Dai

Abstract: Lagerstroemia stenophylla, a new species from southeastern Shaanxi Province and northwestern Hubei Province of China is described. Morphologically, L. stenophylla resembles L. subcostata, but it differs in having 4-angular, subalate branchlets, elliptic-lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic leaves, and relatively larger flowers.

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Research Article Fri, 13 Oct 2023 10:47:58 +0300
Digitization of the historical Herbarium of Michele Guadagno at Pisa (PI-GUAD) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/109464/ PhytoKeys 234: 107-125

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.109464

Authors: Francesco Roma-Marzio, Simonetta Maccioni, David Dolci, Giovanni Astuti, Nicoletta Magrini, Federica Pierotti, Roberta Vangelisti, Lucia Amadei, Lorenzo Peruzzi

Abstract: The herbarium digitization process is an essential first step in transforming the vast amount of data associated with a physical specimen into flexible digital data formats. In this framework, the Herbarium of the University of Pisa (international code PI), at the end of 2018 started a process of digitization focusing on one of its most relevant collections: the Herbarium of Michele Guadagno (1878–1930). This scholar studied flora and vegetation of different areas of southern Italy, building a large herbarium including specimens collected by himself, plus many specimens obtained through exchanges with Italian and foreign botanists. The Herbarium is composed by 547 packages of vascular plants. Metadata were entered into the online database Virtual Herbaria JACQ and mirrored into a personalized virtual Herbarium of the Botanic Museum. After the completion of the digitization process, the number of sheets preserved in the Herbarium amounts to 44,345. Besides Guadagno, who collected 42% of his specimens, a further 1,102 collectors are represented. Most specimens were collected in Europe (91%), but all the continents are represented. As expected, Italy is the most represented country (59%), followed by France, Spain, Germany, and Greece. The specimens cover a time span of 99 years, from 1830 to 1929, whereas the specimens collected by Guadagno range between 1889 and 1928. Furthermore, we traced 134 herbarium sheets associated with documents, among which 75 drawings handmade by Guadagno, 34 letters from various corresponding authors, 16 copies of publications, and 14 copies of published iconographies.

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Research Article Thu, 12 Oct 2023 10:46:50 +0300
Generic concepts and species diversity within the Gynoxyoid clade (Senecioneae, Compositae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/107750/ PhytoKeys 234: 61-106

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.107750

Authors: Belen Escobari, Thomas Borsch, Norbert Kilian

Abstract: The Gynoxyoid clade of the Senecioneae (Asteraceae) until now included the five genera Aequatorium, Gynoxys, Nordenstamia, Paracalia and Paragynoxys as diagnosed using selected morphological characters. In their pre-phylogenetic circumscription, the genera Aequatorium and Paragynoxys were considered to inhabit the northern Andes in contrast to Nordenstamia and Paracalia that occur in the central Andes. The most species-rich genus, Gynoxys, was believed to be distributed throughout the Andes. We use a recently established plastid phylogenomic framework that rendered Gynoxys paraphyletic to further evaluate the delimitation of genera in the Gynoxyoid clade. We examine the morphological variation of all members of the Gynoxyoid to identify characters potentially informative at genus level. This results in a matrix of eleven, mostly multistate characters, including those originally used to diagnose these genera. The ancestral character state inference displays a high level of homoplasy, but nevertheless supports the recognition of four genera. Aequatorium is characterised by white radiate capitula. Paracalia and Paragynoxys share white flowers and floral characteristics, such as flower opening and length of disc flowers lobes, as plesiomorphic states, but differ in habit (scandent shrubs vs. trees). Paracalia also retained white flowers, but its two species are characterised by the absence of outer phyllaries. The genera Gynoxys and Nordenstamia comprise species with yellow capitula which appear to be a derived feature in the Gynoxyoids. The genus Nordenstamia, with eight species, is synonymised under Gynoxys since molecular evidence shows its species nested within various parts of the Gynoxys subclade and the morphological variation of Nordenstamia falls well within that of Gynoxys. With the goal to assign all species to four genera (Aequatorium, Gynoxys, Paracalia and Paragynoxys), we assess the states for the eleven characters for all members of the Gynoxyoids and generate new ETS and ITS sequences for 171 specimens belonging to 49 species to further support their generic placement. We provide a taxonomic treatment for the four genera recognised here including amended diagnoses and morphological descriptions. Furthermore, a species-level taxonomic backbone is elaborated for all genera using electronic tools that list 158 currently accepted names and synonyms (209 names in total) with the respective protologue and type information, as well as notes on the current understanding of species limits. Eleven names are newly synonymised, two are lectotypified and eight are newly transferred to other genera.

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Research Article Tue, 10 Oct 2023 14:22:21 +0300
Panax siamensis J. Wen, a new species of the ginseng genus (Panax, Araliaceae) from northern Thailand https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/106289/ PhytoKeys 234: 51-59

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.106289

Authors: Jun Wen, Gary Krupnick, Hans-Joachim Esser

Abstract: We herein describe a new species, Panax siamensis J. Wen, from the tropical monsoon forests in northern Thailand. Panax siamensis is characterized by a combination of characters including horizontally elongated rhizomes with thick internodes, 3–5 whorled leaves each with 7–9 sessile and lanceolate leaflets, lanceolate bracteoles not persisting at the fruiting stage, 2-locular ovaries, and red fruits with a black top. The new species is most closely related to Panax zingiberensis C.Y. Wu & Feng from southeastern Yunnan province of China, sharing the character of sessile leaflets, but differing in that P. siamensis has well developed, elongated rhizomes (vs. compact, ginger-like rhizomes and rootstock in P. zingiberensis), and 7–9 leaflets (vs. (3–) 5–7 leaflets in P. zingiberensis). We also compare Panax siamensis to other related Asian Panax species, including P. assamicus Banerjee, P. bipinnatifidus Seem., P. pseudoginseng Wallich, and P. vietnamensis Ha & Grushv. The new taxon is preliminarily assessed as Vulnerable (VU D2), according to the IUCN Red List criteria. A taxonomic key is provided to facilitate the identification of P. siamensis and its close allies.

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Research Article Fri, 6 Oct 2023 19:25:21 +0300
Bryophyte flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve, Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/105783/ PhytoKeys 234: 35-49

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.105783

Authors: Nur Saidatul Atiqah, Elizabeth Pesiu, Muhammad Syafiq Sarimi, Nor Aishah Shafie, Chin Wen Koid, Nik Norhazrina, Nur Syazwana, Gaik Ee Lee

Abstract: A checklist of the bryophyte flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, is presented. A total of 189 taxa in 71 genera and 26 families were enumerated. This figure represents 63% of the 298 bryophyte species recorded so far for the State of Terengganu. Out of 189 taxa of bryophytes, 26 liverworts are new additions to the bryoflora of Terengganu. The most prominent liverwort family is represented by Lejeuneaceae, with 54 species from 17 genera, while the moss family is the Sematophyllaceae, with 34 taxa in 13 genera. The majority of the species are epiphytes, either corticolous or ramicolous. Almost half of the bryophyte species have wider elevational ranges and occur from the lowlands to the summit of Mount Tebu.

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Research Article Wed, 4 Oct 2023 08:07:52 +0300
A taxonomic revision of Cenchrus L. (Poaceae) in Thailand, with lectotypification of Pennisetum macrostachyum Benth. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/106486/ PhytoKeys 234: 1-33

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486

Authors: Paweena Wessapak, Chatchai Ngernsaengsaruay, Suthee Duangjai

Abstract: A revision of the genus Cenchrus (Poaceae) in Thailand is reported. Seven species, i.e. C. brownii, C. ciliaris, C. clandestinus, C. echinatus, C. pedicellatus, C. purpureus and C. setosus are described in this taxonomic treatment. This genus is an exotic species and distributed throughout the floristic regions. All the species have become naturalised to Thailand as a weed and found growing in wastelands, open areas by the roadside, disturbed sites, the edge of rice fields and the edge of deciduous and evergreen forests at elevations between 0 and 2,650 m alt. Pennisetum macrostachyum, a synonym of Cenchrus purpureus is lectotypified. Detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations and a key to the species are presented, along with information on distributions, habitats, ecology, phenology, vernacular names and specimens examined.

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Research Article Thu, 28 Sep 2023 18:44:46 +0300
Phylogenomic inference of the African tribe Monodoreae (Annonaceae) and taxonomic revision of Dennettia, Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/103096/ PhytoKeys 233: 1-200

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096

Authors: Léo-Paul M. J. Dagallier, Frank M. Mbago, Marie Couderc, Myriam Gaudeul, Aurélie Grall, Caroline Loup, Jan J. Wieringa, Bonaventure Sonké, Thomas L. P. Couvreur

Abstract: Monodoreae (Annonaceae) is a tribe composed of 11 genera and 90 species restricted to the tropical African rain forests. All the genera are taxonomically well circumscribed except the species rich genera Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis which lack a recent taxonomic revision. Here, we used a robust phylogenomic approach, including all the 90 currently accepted species, with several specimens per species, and based on more than 300 Annonaceae-specific nuclear genes, to infer the phylogenetic tree of the Monodoreae and test the limits between the genera and species. We recover all the genera as monophyletic, except the genus Uvariopsis for which the species Uvariopsis tripetala falls outside this clade. We thus reinstate the monotypic genus Dennettia for its single species Dennettia tripetala. We also erect a new tribe, Ophrypetaleae trib. nov., to accommodate the genera Ophrypetalum and Sanrafaelia, as we recover them excluded from the Monodoreae tribe with good support. Below the genus level, the genera Isolona, Monodora, Uvariastrum, Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis show weakly supported nodes and phylogenetic conflicts, suggesting that population level processes of evolution might occur in these clades. Our results also support, at the molecular level, the description of several new species of Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis, as well as several new synonymies. Finally, we present a taxonomic revision of the genera Dennettia, Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis, which contain one, 18 and 17 species respectively. We provide a key to the 11 genera of the Monodoraeae and describe four new species to science: Uvariodendron kimbozaense Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov., Uvariodendron mossambicense Robson ex Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov., Uvariodendron pilosicarpum Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov. and Uvariopsis oligocarpa Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov., and provide provisional descriptions of three putatively new species. We also present lectotypifications and nomenclatural changes implying synonymies and new combinations (Uvariodendron citriodorum (Le Thomas) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov., Uvariodendron fuscum var. magnificum (Verdc.) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov., Uvariopsis congensis var. angustifolia Dagallier & Couvreur, var. nov., Uvariopsis guineensis var. globiflora (Keay) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov., and Uvariopsis solheidii var. letestui (Pellegr.) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov.).

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Monograph Fri, 22 Sep 2023 08:03:22 +0300
A taxonomic synopsis of Heliotropiaceae and new combinations in Heliotropium from Thailand https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/103647/ PhytoKeys 232: 189-210

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.103647

Authors: Kanokorn Rueangsawang, Pranom Chantaranothai

Abstract: A synopsis of Heliotropiaceae in Thailand is presented and, as part of this, the taxonomic history, identification keys, distribution maps, herbarium specimen citations and diagnostic characters are provided. Two genera and 12 species are recognised and four new combinations are proposed of Tournefortia under the genus Heliotropium, namely H. hookeri, H. intonsum, H. montanum and H. ovatum. Two species are newly recorded in Thailand: Euploca ovalifolia and H. hookeri. The neotype and lectotype are designated here for Tournefortia montana and T. boniana, respectively.

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Research Article Thu, 21 Sep 2023 10:11:53 +0300
Geometric Morphometrics sheds light on the systematics affinities of two enigmatic dwarf Neotropical sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/100410/ PhytoKeys 232: 167-187

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.100410

Authors: Ana Morales-Alonso, Tamara Villaverde, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías

Abstract: Geometric morphometrics (GM) is a powerful analytical tool that enables complete quantification of shapes. Its use in Botany has a great potential for complementing plant evolutionary and ecological studies. Taxonomic delimitation in Carex has been complicated due to reduction of characters and frequent homoplasy. This problem is more marked in cases where the species exhibit dwarfism. South America is the continent with the least understood Carex flora. The systematic relationships of some bizarre-looking groups were not unraveled until molecular phylogenetic studies resolved their relationships. In particular, there are two species only known from their type material whose affinities remain uncertain: Carex herteri and C. hypsipedos. These two taxa are acaulescent plants that respectively grow in the Uruguayan pampa and Peruvian high-altitude meadows. Recently, both species were ascribed to the Carex phalaroides group (subgen. Psyllophorae, sect. Junciformes) due to superficial morphological similarities, such as the androgynous peduncled spikes. However, their character combination is also coincident for its circumscription to sect. Abditispicae species. Nevertheless, in the absence of confirmation from molecular analyses, their placement must be considered preliminary until additional data can be provided. In this work we employ for the first time geometric morphometrics (GM) tools to assess the systematic affinities of two taxonomically problematic sedge species based on fruit shape. We compared utricle morphology of C. herteri and C. hypsipedos with that of C. phalaroides group and species in sect. Abditispicae. To this end we used GM and traditional morphometric approaches. Utricle shape variation along with other morphological features support the exclusion of these two species from the C. phalaroides gr. and, at the same time, show clear affinities of C. herteri to sect. Abditispicae. Carex hypsipedos remains as an incertae sedis species. Our work shows the potential utility of GM for the exploration of systematic affinities in sedges and in other graminoids.

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Research Article Thu, 21 Sep 2023 10:11:25 +0300
New species of Asclepias (Apocynaceae), Baphia (Leguminosae), Cochlospermum (Bixaceae) and Endostemon (Lamiaceae) from the Kalahari sands of Angola and NW Zambia, with one new combination in Vangueria (Rubiaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/110110/ PhytoKeys 232: 145-166

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.110110

Authors: David J. Goyder, Nina Davies, Manfred Finckh, Amândio Gomes, Francisco Maiato P. Gonçalves, Paulina Meller, Alan J. Paton

Abstract: Four new species are described from central and eastern Angola and adjacent NW Zambia. All occur in Kalahari sand savannas rich in endemic and more widely distributed geoxylic suffrutices. Despite being known from very few collections, the conservation status of one of these new species is assessed as Least Concern, as these grasslands are nutrient-poor, are in remote sparsely populated areas, and are not threatened with conversion to agriculture. The remaining three are treated as Data Deficient. In addition, one new combination is provided for Ancylanthos rubiginosus Desf. under Vangueria as V. rubiginosa (Desf.) Lantz is an illegitimate later homonym. We also make orthographic corrections to specific epithets commemorating Ilse von Nolde, a collector who made important collections from Quela in Malange in the 1930s.

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Research Article Wed, 20 Sep 2023 16:31:27 +0300
A new species of Iochroma Benth. (Solanaceae) from the eastern Andes of Colombia https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/108474/ PhytoKeys 232: 133-144

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108474

Authors: Andrés Orejuela, Stacey D. Smith, Boris Villanueva, Rocío Deanna

Abstract: Iochroma orozcoae A.Orejuela & S.D.Sm., sp. nov. (Solanaceae) is described from the Andean forests of Cundinamarca in the eastern cordillera of Colombia. Iochroma orozcoae was first collected by the eminent Spanish priest and botanist José Celestino Mutis in the late part of the 18th century, but the specimens have lain unrecognised in herbaria for over 200 years. The species shares many features with its closest relative, Iochroma baumii S.D.Sm. & S.Leiva, but it differs from it in having small flowers with five corolla lobes and few inflorescences per branch, located near the shoot apex with 1 to 4 (–8) flowers, fruits that are greenish-yellow when ripe and its restricted geographic distribution. A description of I. orozcoae is provided, along with a detailed illustration, photographs of live plants, a comparison with closely-related species and a key to all Colombian species of Iochroma Benth. In closing, we emphasise the value of historical collections for the knowledge of biodiversity.

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Research Article Mon, 18 Sep 2023 14:55:41 +0300
Evolution of connective glands reveals a new synapomorphy for Malpighiaceae and the hidden potential of staminal glands for Malpighiales systematics https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/110162/ PhytoKeys 232: 109-131

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.110162

Authors: Rafael Felipe de Almeida, Gustavo Arévalo-Rodrigues, Isa L. de Morais, Poliana Cardoso-Gustavson

Abstract: Connective glands are important morphological characters for the taxonomy of some genera of Malpighiaceae, with few recent studies having just elucidated these glands’ anatomical and ecological functions. In order to test the systematic relevance of connective glands to the currently accepted phylogenetic informal clades of Malpighiaceae, we characterised the anatomy and/or histochemistry of two-thirds of Malpighiaceae genera and ten species from nine families of Malpighiales to test: 1. Do connective glands occur in the flowers of all informal clades of Malpighiaceae?; and 2. Are they taxonomically relevant to characterise those clades? We sampled 25 genera and 26 species of Malpighiaceae, processing their anthers using traditional anatomical methods and characterising their glands using light microscopy and SEM imaging. Selected species were subjected to histochemical tests, and an additional 21 genera and 33 species of Malpighiaceae and nine families (ten species) of Malpighiales were included in our sampling from the literature. Three anatomical characters were scored, coded and mapped using Maximum Likelihood methods onto the molecular phylogeny of Malpighiaceae. All sampled species of Malpighiaceae showed connective glands characterised as epidermal or trichomal elaiophores. Our character-mapping analyses recovered connective elaiophores as a new synapomorphy for Malpighiaceae. Different types of epidermal or trichomal elaiophores were recovered as homoplasies for the Christianella and Banisteriopsis clades and the genera Byrsonima, Camarea and Cottsia. Our analyses also recovered the glands’ place of insertion in the stamen and the exudate type as potential new synapomorphies or homoplasies for the families of Malpighiales sampled. Our results propose the connective elaiophores as a new synapomorphy for Malpighiaceae and hypothesise the role that different staminal glands might play in the systematics of Malpighiales. Further comprehensive anatomical studies are still needed for the staminal glands of most families of this order to shed new light on the patterns recovered in our study.

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Research Article Fri, 15 Sep 2023 19:32:59 +0300
A new combination and a new synonym of Gesneriaceae in China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/108644/ PhytoKeys 232: 99-107

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108644

Authors: Zheng-Long Li, Zhang-Jie Huang, Da-Wei Chen, Xin Hong, Fang Wen

Abstract: Didymocarpus subpalmatinervis W.T.Wang was shown to be conspecific with Petrocodon lithophilus Y.M.Shui, W.H.Chen & Mich.Möller, by checking original literature, examining specimens, tracing specimen collecting history, and conducting field surveys. The results show morphological characteristics and geographical distribution overlaps between these two species. The transfer of Didymocarpus subpalmatinervis to Petrocodon as a new combination with Petrocodon subpalmatinervis (W.T.Wang) F.Wen & Z.L.Li is proposed here, and P. lithophilus is synonymized with P. subpalmatinervis. Color photographs and essential information are also provided, including a detailed comparison of description, distribution, habitat, and the proposed IUCN conservation status.

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Research Article Fri, 15 Sep 2023 10:21:23 +0300
Ardisia recurvipetala (Primulaceae-Myrsinoideae), a new species from northern Peninsular Malaysia https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/103649/ PhytoKeys 232: 89-98

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.103649

Authors: Avelinah Julius, Mat Yunoh Siti-Munirah, Timothy M. A. Utteridge

Abstract: Recent fieldwork in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, resulted in the collection of an endemic new species of Ardisia, described here as Ardisia recurvipetala Julius, Siti-Munirah & Utteridge. The species is a member of subgenus (§) Crispardisia on account of its vascularised glands (bacterial nodules) on the leaf margin and the terminal inflorescence on a specialised lateral branch subtended by a normal leaf (rather than a reduced bract-like leaf). Ardisia recurvipetala is unique amongst all members of §Crispardisia by having leaf margins with both vascularised glands and pustule-like structures and can be further distinguished from other Peninsular Malaysian members of this subgenus by the lamina raised between the leaf venation giving a somewhat bullate appearance, unbranched inflorescences, brownish-red pedicels and recurved corolla lobes, each with a creamy-white apex and a small pink patch at the base. Ardisia recurvipetala is known only from a single location in Terengganu and its conservation status is assessed as Data Deficient (DD).

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Research Article Wed, 13 Sep 2023 10:43:21 +0300
Craspedostauros nazmii sp. nov., a new diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/106545/ PhytoKeys 232: 77-88

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.106545

Authors: Elif Yılmaz, Andrzej Witkowski, Neslihan Özdelice, Cüneyt Nadir Solak, Romain Gastineau, Turgay Durmuş

Abstract: Craspedostauros E.J. Cox is a diatom genus comprising 17 taxa reported from various regions of the world. While many species of Craspedostauros are epibiontic, the taxa have variable ecological preferences. In this study we formally describe Craspedostauros nazmii sp. nov., an epilithic species discovered along the Turkish Black Sea Coast, based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Craspedostauros nazmii sp. nov. is characterized by valves that are lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, slightly constricted near the apices with uniseriate, parallel throughout the whole valve, transapical striae and and the presence of an apical silica flap. The areolae are distributed over the valve face and the mantle. The differences and similarities between C. nazmii sp. nov. and established species of Craspedostauros are discussed. Based on shape and morphometrics, the most similar species is Craspedostauros capensis, but it is easily distinguished from C. nazmii sp. nov. by its lack of an apical silica flap.

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Research Article Mon, 11 Sep 2023 10:29:22 +0300
Mitreola quanruii (Loganiaceae), a new species from a karst region in Guangxi, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/108986/ PhytoKeys 232: 67-75

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108986

Authors: Renchuan Hu, Xiaowen Liao, Binsheng Luo, Cheng Liu, You Nong, Lei Wu

Abstract: Mitreola quanruii , a new species from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated in this study. It is morphologically similar to M. liuyanii because of the terete stems, creeping and branched at the base, the leaves which are pilose on both surfaces and the bilobed capsules with two erect horns. The new species can be distinguished from M. liuyanii by its taller habit, up to 20–50 cm tall, its linear leaves, 4–18 × 0.3–1 cm with acuminate apex and 8–10 pairs of lateral veins, its narrowly triangular stipules, its linear bracts, ca. 1.0 cm long and glabrous and its glabrous calyx. Mitreola quanruii is temporarily assessed as data deficient (DD) according to IUCN. The habitat of Mitreola quanruii is extremely fragile. Therefore, this species deserves close attention and protection.

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Research Article Fri, 8 Sep 2023 10:33:01 +0300
Stauranthera floribunda, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Yunnan, China https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/108996/ PhytoKeys 232: 59-66

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108996

Authors: Fan Su, Xiao-Wei Qin, Yun-Lei Wang, Ren-Fen Wang, Chao-Yun Hao, Ke Tan

Abstract: Stauranthera floribunda F.Su, C.Y.Hao & K.Tan, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated here. It is morphologically similar to S. grandifolia Benth. in the shape of corolla, stigma, leaves and the number of stamens. However, it can be readily distinguished from the compared species by its dense cymes, leaf indumentum, lack of a corolla spur, calyx colour and stamen shape. The description of the new species, photographs, detailed descriptions, notes on etymology, distribution and habitat, as well as comparisons with morphologically similar species, are provided.

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Research Article Thu, 7 Sep 2023 10:56:25 +0300
A new species of Hiptage (Malpighiaceae) from northwest Yunnan (China) based on molecular and morphological data https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/106675/ PhytoKeys 232: 45-57

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.106675

Authors: Tong-Tong Zhang, Shu-Yun Yang, Ke Tan, Ming-Xun Ren

Abstract: Hiptage stenopterum K.Tan & M.X.Ren, a new species of Hiptage collected from a deep valley close to the Nujiang Gorge, northwest of Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated based on molecular and morphological data. The new species was found isolated in an entrenched valley of the Laowo River, a tributary of the Nujiang River, at the northern edge of the distribution range of the genus. H. stenopterum shares some morphological similarities with the narrowly endemic H. incurvatum and H. lushuiensis. However, H. stenopterum is easily distinguished by its oblanceolate lateral wing of winged mericarp, 10 to 12 calyx glands, and branchlets densely rusty tomentose. The new species status is also supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ribosome internal transcribed spacer (nrITS), which showed distinct systematic boundaries from the most morphologically similar species, H. incurvatum and their morphological relatives, H. lushuiensis.

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Research Article Mon, 4 Sep 2023 18:02:15 +0300
Erythrina L. (Phaseoleae, Papilionoideae, Leguminosae) of Brazil: an updated nomenclatural treatment with notes on etymology and vernacular names https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/101105/ PhytoKeys 232: 1-43

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.101105

Authors: Ramon Guedes-Oliveira, Ana Paula Fortuna-Perez, Leandro Cardoso Pederneiras, Vidal de Freitas Mansano

Abstract: Erythrina L. is a genus that comprises ca. 120 to 130 species distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics of the world. Linnaeus established the genus in Genera Plantarum (1737) and the first binomial name given to a Brazilian Erythrina was E. crista-galli L., described by himself in Mantissa Plantarum (1767). Vellozo proposed in Florae Fluminensis (1790–1881) the first treatment of the genus in Brazil, where he treated three species from the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Martins and Tozzi proposed the most recent treatment in 2018, where the authors recognized 11 valid names and presented three new synonyms. Despite extensive efforts already made in the genus, previous works did not treat all names related to the valid ones for Brazilian Erythrina. The present work is the most comprehensive and up-to-date nomenclatural treatment for the genus in Brazil, covering all 84 related names found on digital nomenclatural databases. Here we analyze 64 protologues, update typification statuses, propose five new synonyms, 13 new lectotypes (11 first-step, two second-step) and one neotype, linking all protologues and type specimens with their corresponding available digital sources, and make additional notes on etymology and vernacular names.

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Research Article Mon, 4 Sep 2023 17:56:40 +0300
A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/100894/ PhytoKeys 231: 1-342

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894

Authors: Sandra Knapp, Tiina Särkinen, Gloria E. Barboza

Abstract: The Morelloid clade, also known as the black nightshades or "Maurella" (Maurella), is one of the 10 major clades within the mega-diverse genus Solanum L. The clade is most diverse in the central to southern Andes, but species occur around the tropics and subtropics, some extending well into the temperate zone. Plants of the group vary from herbs to short-lived perennials to perennial shrubs that are distinctly woody at the base, they have small mostly white or purplish white flowers and small juicy berries. Due to the complex morphological variation and weedy nature of these plants, coupled with the large number of published synonyms (especially for European taxa), our understanding of species limits and diversity in the Morelloid clade has lagged behind that of other clades in Solanum. Here we provide the last in a three-part series of monographic treatments of the morelloid solanums (see PhytoKeys Vols. 106, 125), treating the 62 species occurring in South America. This region is by far the most diverse in the clade, both in terms of species number and morphological diversity. We provide complete synonymy, nomenclatural details, including lecto- and neotypifications where needed, common names and uses, morphological descriptions, illustrations to aid identification both in herbaria and in the field, and distribution maps for all native, non-cultivated species. We include a key to all species, a synoptic character list for the species treated here and links to synoptic online keys for all species of the Morelloid clade. Preliminary conservation assessments following IUCN guidelines are also provided for all native species.

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Monograph Tue, 29 Aug 2023 11:18:27 +0300