* Preface
* Introduction
* List of contributors
* Chapter 1. BIODIVERSITY BASELINE INFORMATION
o European Plant Diversity in the Global Context (Jens Mutke, Holger Kreft, Gerold Kier & Wilhelm Barthlott)
o A Pan-European Species-directories Infrastructure (PESI) (Yde De Jong, Louis Boumans, Juliana Kouwenberg, Henrik Enghoff, Phillip Boegh, Nihat Aktaç, Selçuk Yurtsever, Charles Hussey, Roger Hyam, Mark Costello, Thierry Bourgoin, Walter Berendsohn, Eckhard von Raab-Straube, Anton Güntsch, Ward Appeltans & Bart Vanhoorne)
o Assessment of Ecosystem Services (Paula A. Harrison, Gary W. Luck, Christian K. Feld & Martin T. Sykes)
o The ALARM scenarios. Storylines and simulations for analysing biodiversity risks in Europe (Joachim H. Spangenberg, Stefan Fronzek, Volker Hammen, Thomas Hickler, Jill Jäger, Kirsti Jylhä, Laura Maxim, Iliana Monterroso, Martin O’Connor, Ines Omann, Isabelle Reginster, Beatriz Rodriguez-Labajos, Mark Rounsevell, Martin T. Sykes, Marco Vighi & Josef Settele)
o Framing DPSIR for Biodiversity (Laura Maxim, Joachim H. Spangenberg & Martin O’Connor)
o European Biodiversity and Its Drivers – an "Inter-national" Analysis (Jaan Liira, Josef Settele & Martin Zobel)
* Chapter 2. RESEARCH APPROACHES FOR BIODIVERSITY AND IMPACTING FACTORS
o "Exploratories" for Functional Biodiversity Research (Simone Pfeiffer, Sonja Gockel, Andreas Hemp, Konstans Wells, Daniel Prati, Jens Nieschulze, Elisabeth K.V. Kalko, François Buscot, K. Eduard Linsenmair, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Wolfgang W. Weisser & Markus Fischer)
o Biodiversity Experiments: What Have We Learnt About Biodiversity–Ecosystem Functioning Relationships? (Alexander J.F. Fergus & Bernhard Schmid)
o Observing Biodiversity Changes in Europe (Klaus Henle, Bianca Bauch, Sandra Bell, Erik Framstad, Mladen Kotarac, Pierre-Yves Henry, Szabolcs Lengyel, Vesna Grobelnik & Dirk S. Schmeller)
o Assessing LArge-scale environmental Risks for biodiversity with tested Methods – the ALARM project (Josef Settele, Joachim H. Spangenberg, Volker Hammen, Alexander Harpke, Stefan Klotz, Silke Rattei, Annette Schmidt, Oliver Schweiger & Ingolf Kühn)
o The ALARM Field Site Network FSN (Volker C. Hammen, Jacobus C. Biesmeijer, Riccardo Bommarco, E. Budrys, T.R. Christensen, S. Fronzek, R. Grabaum, P. Jaksic, S. Klotz, P. Kramarz, G. Kroel-Dulay, I. Kühn, M. Mirtl, M. Moora, T. Petanidou, J. Pino, Simon G. Potts, A. Rortais, C.H. Schulze, I. Steffan-Dewenter, J. Stout, H. Szentgyörgyi, M. Vighi, A. Vujic, Catrin Westphal, T. Wolf, G. Zavala, M. Zobel, Josef Settele & W.E. Kunin)
o The ALARM Field Site Network, a Continental-scale Test Bed for Questions Related to Major Drivers of Biodiversity Change (Jacobus C. Biesmeijer, Jens Dauber, Chiara Polce, William E. Kunin, Volker C. Hammen & Josef Settele)
o Socio-economic Research Within a Field Site Network Established by Ecologists – Pragmatic Approaches to Create Added Value (Joachim H. Spangenberg, Nancy Arizpe, Beatriz Rodriguez-Labajos, Rosa Binimelis, Joan Martinez-Alier, Laura Maxim & Jean-Marc Douguet)
o Assemblages of Social Wasps in Forests and Open Land Across Europe – an ALARM-FSN Study (Libor Dvořák, Eduardas Budrys, Aleksandar Ćetković & Simon Springate)
o From FSN to LTER-Europe (Michael Mirtl, Kinga Krauze, Volker C. Hammen & Mark Frenzel)
o Assessing Risks for Biodiversity with Bioclimatic Envelope Modelling (Oliver Schweiger, Miguel B. Araújo, Jan Hanspach, Risto K. Heikkinen, Ingolf Kühn, Miska Luoto, Ralf Ohlemüller & Raimo Virkkala)
o Statistical Aspects of Biodiversity Risk Assessment (Glenn Marion, Stijn Bierman, Adam Butler, Stephen Catterall, Alex Cook, Ruth Doherty, Ingolf Kühn, Björn Reineking, Oliver Schweiger & Philip E. Hulme)
* Chapter 3. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON BIODIVERSITY
o Current Climatic Conditions and Observed Trends in Europe (Kirsti Jylhä, Timothy R. Carter & Stefan Fronzek)
o Scenarios of Climate Change for Europe (Stefan Fronzek, Timothy R. Carter & Kirsti Jylhä)
o Forest Fire Risk in Spain under Future Climate Change (José M. Moreno, Gonzalo Zavala, María Martín & Amparo Millán)
o Observed Climate-Biodiversity Relationships (Gian-Reto Walther, Laszlo Nagy, Risto K. Heikkinen, Josep Penuelas, Jürgen Ott, Harald Pauli, Juha Pöyry, Silje Berger & Thomas Hickler)
o Projected Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity in Mediterranean Ecosystems (Josep Peñuelas, Marc Estiarte, Patricia Prieto, Jordi Sardans, Alistair Jump, José M. Moreno, Iván Torres, Blanca Céspedes, Eduard Pla, Santi Sabaté & Carlos Gracia)
o Climate Change Impact on the Future Extent of the Alpine Climate Zone (Laszlo Nagy, Harald Pauli, Michael Gottfried & Georg Grabherr)
o Risk of Disappearing Sub-Arctic Palsa Mires in Europe (M. Johansson, S. Fronzek, T.R. Christensen, M. Luoto & T.R. Carter)
o Climate Impacts on High Latitude Lakes (Mats Jansson, Per Ask, Jenny Ask, Pär Byström, Jan Karlsson & Lennart Persson)
o The Big Trek Northwards: Recent Changes in the European Dragonfly Fauna (Jürgen Ott)
o Effects of Climatic Changes on Odonata: Are the Impacts Likely to be the Same in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres? (Jürgen Ott & Michael J. Samways)
o Modelling the Range Expansion of an Urticating Moth With Global Warming: A Case Study from France (Christelle Robinet, Jérôme Rousselet, Francis Goussard & Alain Roques)
o Moorland Wildfires in the UK Peak District (Sarah Lindley, Julia McMorrow & Aletta Bonn)
o South America: Climate Monitoring and Adaptation Integrated Across Regions and Disciplines (Stephan Halloy, Karina Yager, Carolina García, Stephan Beck, Julieta Carilla, Alfredo Tupayachi, Jorge Jácome, Rosa Isela Meneses, Jim Farfán, Anton Seimon, Tracie Seimon, Pamela Rodriguez, Soledad Cuello & Alfredo Grau)
* Chapter 4. LAND USE CHANGES AND THEIR IMPACTS
o Land Use Change Scenarios for Europe (Isabelle Reginster, Mark Rounsevell, Adam Butler & Nicolas Dendoncker)
o Evaluating Habitat Changes in and Around Natura 2000 Sites: a Proposed Methodology (Ioannis N. Vogiatzakis, Stuart R.M. Roberts, Maria T. Stirpe & Simon G. Potts)
o Life History Traits in Insects and Habitat Fragmentation (Riccardo Bommarco, Erik Öckinger & Aveliina Helm)
o Where Have All the Flowers Gone? From Natural Vegetation to Land Use – Land Cover Types: Past Changes and Future Forecasts (Laszlo Nagy, Nicolas Dendoncker, Adam Butler, Isabelle Reginster, Mark Rounsevell, Georg Grabherr, Michael Gottfried & Harald Pauli)
* Chapter 5. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS AND BIODIVERSITY
o MODELKEY: European Rivers under Toxic Stress (Werner Brack, Joop F. Bakker, Eric de Deckere, Dick de Zwart, Timo Hamers, Michaela Hein, Pim Leonards, Urte Lübcke-von Varel, Claudia Schmitt, Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen & Peter C. von der Ohe)
o Sources and Fate of PAHs in an Urban Environment (Ian T. Cousins, Costas Prevedouros, Maria Unger & Örjan Gustafsson)
o Nitrogen Deposition – a Major Risk for Biodiversity (Franz-W. Badeck & Till Sterzel)
o Is atmospheric nitrogen deposition a cause for concern in alpine ecosystems? (Laszlo Nagy, Franz-W. Badeck, Sven Pompe, Michael Gottfried, Harald Pauli & Georg Grabherr)
o Predicted Environmental Concentrations of Organic Pollutants on a European Scale as a Basis for Risk Assessment (Sandra Meijer, Alex Paul, Andy Sweetman)
o Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment of Pesticide Considering Different Geographical Scales and Evolution in Time (Serenella Sala & Marco Vighi)
o Chemical Effect Assessment within ALARM: Identifying Habitats in which Microbial Function May be Impacted by Metal Pollution (David Spurgeon, Sara Long, Ryszard Laskowski & Sandra Meijer)
* Chapter 6. BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
o DAISIE: Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe (Philip E. Hulme, Wolfgang Nentwig, Petr Pyšek & Montserrat Vilà)
o Biological Pollution of Aquatic Ecosystems in Europe (Sergej Olenin, Dan Minchin, Darius Daunys & Anastasija Zaiko)
o Pathways of Aquatic Invasions in Europe (Sergej Olenin, Dan Minchin, Darius Daunys & Anastasija Zaiko)
o Risk Assessment of Aquatic Invasive Species Introductions via European Inland Waterways (Vadim E. Panov, Boris Alexandrov, Kestutis Arbaciauskas, Rosa Binimelis, Gordon H. Copp, Michal Grabowski, Frances Lucy, Rob S.E.W. Leuven, Stefan Nehring, Momir Paunović, Vitaliy Semenchenko & Mikhail O. Son)
o Distribution of Alien Bleak Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Northeastern Iberian Mediterranean Watersheds: Past and Present (Alberto Maceda-Veiga, Adolfo De Sostoa, Edgar Solorio-Ornelas, Mario Monroy, Dolors Vinyoles, Nuno Caiola, Frederic Casals, Emili Garcia-Berthou & Antoni Munné)
o Mapping Invasion by Alien Plants in Europe (Petr Pyšek, Milan Chytrý, Jan Wild, Joan Pino, Lindsay C. Maskell & Montserrat Vilà)
o European Plants in Southern South America, Unwanted Visitors? (Eduardo Ugarte, Nicol Fuentes & Stefan Klotz)
o The Hogweed Story: Invasion of Europe by Large Heracleum Species (Petr Pyšek, Jan Pergl, Šárka Jahodová, Lenka Moravcová, Jana Müllerová, Irena Perglová & Jan Wild)
o Terrestrial Alien Vertebrates in Europe (Wojciech Solarz, Wiesław Król, Sven Bacher, Wolfgang Nentwig & Daniel Sol)
o The Exotic Mammals of Argentina (Ricardo A. Ojeda, Agustina Novillo & Fernanda Cuevas)
o The ALARM Field Site Network, an Outstanding Tool for the Survey of Invasive Insects Infesting Seeds of Wild Roses in Europe (Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg, Eduardas Budrys, Theodora Petanidou, Milka Glavendekic, Riccardo Bommarco, Sara Bonzini, György Kröel-Dulay, Andreu Jara, Mari Moora, Simon Potts, Agnès Rortais, Jane Stout, Ivan Torres, Catrin Westphal, Hajnalka Szentgyörgyi, Sébastien Desbois, Philippe Lorme, Jean-Paul Raimbault, Patrick Pineau & Alain Roques)
o The Rapid Colonization of an Introduced Tree, Black Locust by an Invasive North-American Midge and Its Parasitoid (Milka Glavendekić, Alain Roques & Ljubodrag Mihajlović)
o A Stowaway Species from the Balkans, the Horse Chestnut Leafminer, Cameraria ohridella (Sylvie Augustin, Marc Kenis, Romain Valade, Marius Gilbert, Jacques Garcia, Alain Roques & Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde)
o Invasion of the Harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis, in Europe: when Beauty becomes the Beast (Marc Kenis, Peter M.J. Brown, Remy L. Ware & David B. Roy)
o The Siberian Moth, Dendrolimus superans sibiricus, a Potential Invader in Europe? (Yuri Baranchikov, Nadezhda Tchebakova, Nataliya Kirichenko, Elena Parphenova, Mikhail Korets and Marc Kenis)
* Chapter 7. DECLINE OF POLLINATORS AND ITS IMPACT
o Methods for Quantifying Pollinator Loss (Catrin Westphal, Riccardo Bommarco, Gabriel Carré, Ellen Lamborn, Nicolas Morison, Theodora Petanidou, Simon G. Potts, Stuart P. M. Roberts, Hajnalka Szentgyörgyi, Thomas Tscheulin, Bernard E. Vaissière, Michal Woyciechowski, Jacobus C. Biesmeijer, William E. Kunin, Josef Settele & Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter)
o Cavity-Nesting Hymenoptera across Europe: a Study in ALARM Project Field Site Network Sites Using Small Trap-Nests on Trees and Buildings (E. Budrys, J. Andreu Ureta, A. Briliūtė, A. Cetkovic, S. Heinrich, G. Kroel-Dulay, M. Moora, S.G. Potts, A. Rortais, E. Sjödin, H. Szentgyörgyi, I. Torres, M. Vighi, C. Westphal & A. Budrienė)
o Assessing the Impact of Pollinator Shifts on Wild Plants (Anders Nielsen, Jens Dauber, William E. Kunin, Ellen Lamborn, Birgit Meyer, Mari Moora, Simon G. Potts, Josef Settele, Virve Sober, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, Thomas Tscheulin, Daniele Vivarelli, Jacobus C. Biesmeijer & Theodora Petanidou)
o Drivers of Pollinator Loss – a Case Study from Germany (Birgit Meyer & Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter)
o Domesticated Bumblebees (Hajnalka Szentgyörgyi, Dawid Moroń, Mandy Rohde, Elżbieta Rożej, Marta Wantuch, Josef Settele, Robin F.A. Moritz & Michał Woyciechowski)
o A Geometric Morphometric Tool for the Conservation of the Black Honeybee in Europe (Agnès Rortais, Michel Baylac, Gérard Arnold & Lionel Garnery)
o A New Enemy of Honeybees in Europe: the Asian Hornet Vespa velutina (Agnès Rortais, Claire Villemant, Olivier Gargominy, Quentin Rome, Jean Haxaire, Alexandros Papachristoforou & Gérard Arnold)
o Beekeeping and the Conservation of Native Honeybees in Europe (Rodolfo Jaffé & Robin F.A. Moritz)
o Severe Declines of Managed Honeybees in Central Europe (Simon. G. Potts, Stuart P.M. Roberts, Robin Dean, Gay Marris, Mike Brown, Richard Jones & Josef Settele)
o The Future of Pollinators? (Thomas Tscheulin, Theodora Petanidou & Simon G. Potts)
* Chapter 8. SOCIO-ECONOMY AND ITS ROLE IN BIODIVERSITY LOSS
o Monetary Valuation of the Pollination Service Provided by Insects to European Agriculture (Nicola Gallai, Jean-Michel Salles, Gabriel Carré, Nicolas Morison & Bernard E. Vaissière)
o Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Measures and Biodiversity (Pam Berry & James Paterson)
o Socio-economic Modelling of the ALARM Scenarios. Results for Europe (Ines Omann, Andrea Stocker & Jill Jäger)
o Chronicle of a Bioinvasion Foretold: Distribution and Management of the Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Invasion in Spain (Beatriz Rodríguez-Labajos, Rosa Binimelis, Carles Cardona, Kristofer Dittmer, Joan Martínez-Alier, Iliana Monterroso & Antoni Munné)
o "The Farmer’s Terror": Glyphosate Resistant Johnsongrass in Argentina (Iliana Monterroso, Rosa Binimelis & Walter Pengue)
* Chapter 9. COMBINED BIODIVERSITY EFFECTS OF MAJOR DRIVERS AND PRESSURES
o Mapping Plant-Invader Integration into Plant-Pollinator Networks (Montserrat Vilà, Ignasi Bartomeus, Anke Dietzsch, Theodora Petanidou, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, Jane Stout & Thomas Tscheulin)
o Palms (and other Evergreen Broad-leaved Species) Conquer the North (Gian-Reto Walther & Silje Berger)
o Modelling the Potential Expansion of the Invasive Pinewood Nematode in China with Global Warming (Lilin Zhao, Jianghua Sun, Alain Roques & Christelle Robinet)
o Will Interacting Species Still Co-Occur in the Future? (Oliver Schweiger, Ingolf Kühn, Otakar Kudrna, Stefan Klotz & Josef Settele)
o How to Evaluate Effects of Pesticide in Terrestrial Ecosystems (Stefania Barmaz, Claire Brittain, Serenella Sala, Simon G. Potts & Marco Vighi)
o Do Declines in the Use of the Organotin (TBT), Used as an Antifoulant, Result in an Increase in Aquatic Alien Species Establishment? (Dan Minchin)
o The Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution on the Development of Wild Bees (Dawid Moroń, Hajnalka Szentgyörgyi, Irena Grześ, Marta Wantuch, Elżbieta Rożej, Josef Settele, Simon G. Potts, Ryszard Laskowski & Michał Woyciechowski)
o Agricultural Land Use Shapes Biodiversity Patterns in Ponds (Tom De Bie, Robby Stoks, Steven Declerck, Luc De Meester, Frank Van De Meutter, Koen Martens & Luc Brendonck)
o Mapping Relative Risk for Biodiversity from the Application of Pesticides, Focussing on Pollinators (Peter Borgen Sørensen, Steen Gyldenkærne, Simon Potts, Claire Brittain & Marianne Thomsen)
* Chapter 10. THE FUTURE OF BIODIVERSITY AND BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH
o Priority Setting for Nature Conservation (Katrin Vohland, Thomas Hickler, Jane Feehan, Marlies Gumpenberger, Miguel Araújo & Wolfgang Cramer)
o Vegetation on the Move – Where Do Conservation Strategies Have to be Re-defined? (Thomas Hickler, Katrin Vohland, Luis Costa, Wolfgang Cramer, Paul A. Miller, Benjamin Smith, Jane Feehan, Ingolf Kühn & Martin Sykes)
o Ecological Networks as One Answer to Climate Change (Katrin Vohland, Stefan Klotz & Sandra Balzer)
o Establishing a Volunteer-based Butterfly Monitoring Scheme – the German Experience (Elisabeth Kühn, Alexander Harpke, Norbert Hirneisen, Reinart Feldmann, Patrick Leopold & Josef Settele)
o Managing Alien Aquatic Species (Dan Minchin)
o Biological Control Ecosystem Services in Tropical Rice (K.L. Heong, Robert J. Hijmans, S. Villareal & J. Catindig)
o Policy Options to Protect Biodiversity under Climate Change (Jake Piper & Elizabeth Wilson)
o Biodiversity Risk Assessment for Europe – Putting It All Together (Glenn Marion, Ralf Grabaum, Volker Grescho, Adam Butler, Stijn Bierman, Jean-Marc Douguet, Volker Hammen, Thomas Hickler, Philip E. Hulme, Laura Maxim, Ines Omann, Kaja Peterson, Simon G. Potts, Isabelle Reginster, Josef Settele, Joachim H. Spangenberg & Ingolf Kühn)
