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PREFACE 8
Section 1. HISTORY OF TWO BEAVER SPECIES IN NORTH EUROPE 11
Chapter 1. Hartman, G.
The beaver (Castor fiber) in Sweden 13
Chapter 2. Rosell, F. and Parker, H.
A population history of the beaver Castor fiber fiber in Norway 19
Chapter 3. Danilov, P., Kanshiev, V. and Fyodorov, F.
History of beavers in Eastern Fennoscandia from the Neolithic to the 21st century 27
Chapter 4. Gorshkov, D.Y. and Gorshkov, Y.A.
History of beaver reintroduction in the Tatarstan Republic 39
Section 2. BIOLOGY OF TWO BEAVER SPECIES IN EUROPE 47
Chapter 5. Danilov, P., Kanshiev, V. and Fyodorov, F.
Differences of the morphology of the North American and Eurasian beavers in Karelia 49
Chapter 6. Danilov, P., Kanshiev, V. and Fyodorov, F.
Characteristics of North American and Eurasian beaver ecology in Karelia 55
Section 3. BEAVER BEHAVIOR AND DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL BEAVER POPULATIONS 73
Chapter 7. Zavyalov, N.A.
Settlement history, population dynamics and the ecology of beavers (Castor fi ber L) in the Darwin reserve 75
Chapter 8. Zavyalov, N.A.
Development of the beaver population in the Novgorod province and especially in the Polisto-Lovat’ bog system 101
Chapter 9. Baskin, L.M., Barysheva, S.L., and Ermolaeva, E.Z.
Reintroduction of beavers in the southern taiga of Central Eastern Russia 113
Chapter 10. Gorshkov, Y.A. and Gorshkov, D.Y.
Radiotelemetry of the reintroduced beavers in Volga-Kama National Nature Preserve 127
Chapter 11. Gorshkov, D.Y.
Habitat preference by beavers in the Tatarstan Republic 139
Chapter 12. Gorshkov, D.Y. and Gorshkov, Y.A.
Feeding strategy of beavers in Tatarstan Republic 149
Section 4. BEAVERS' INFLUENCE ON VEGETATION, SOIL AND LANDSCAPE SCALE PROCESSES 161
Chapter 13. Hyvönen, T. & Nummi, P.
Plant succession in beaver patches during and after flooding 163
Chapter 14. Danilov, P., Kanshiev, V. and Fyodorov, F.
The role of beavers in the European taiga ecosystem (North-West Russia) 173
Chapter 15. Baskin, L.M, Novoselova, N.S., and Barysheva, S.L.
Landscape level habitat selection by beavers and the longlasting effects of beaver settlements 195
Chapter 16. Gorshkov, D.Y.
Utilizing beaver dam-building activity to reduce lake sedimentation 205
Section 5. BEAVERS’ INFLUENCE ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AND VERTEBRATE FAUNA 219
Chapter 17. Nummi, P.
Keystone effect of beaver on other animals 221
Chapter 18. Dgebuadze, Yu.Yu. and Zavyalov, N.A.
A preliminary study of the influence of beaver activity on fish assemblages of small low gradient streams in the Volga river basin 229
Chapter 19. Krylov, A.V.
Impact of beaver activity upon zooplankton of the small rivers in the upper Volga basin 241
Chapter 20. Sjöberg, G and Hägglund, Å.
Beaver dams and fi sh fauna in forest streams – a three-year study 255
Section 6. THE BEAVER AND PREDATION 269
Chapter 21. Baskin, L.M.
Predators as determinants of beaver alertness and shelter-making behavior 271
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