Body length between 5.0–20.0 mm; female antenna 14-segmented, male 13-segmented, very rarely 14-segmented; eye relatively long, extending almost to mandible; mandibles short and not broadly overlapping when closed; maxillary palp 6-segmented, labial palp 4-segmented; propleuron neck-like, more or less as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; propodeum with or without longitudinal carina; fore wing with discal cell small or absent; trochantellus of hind leg distinctly differentiated, hind tibia (or metatibia) clavate; metasoma inserted very high on propodeum; ovipositor varies from not exposed (in Pseudofoenus) to more than twice as long as the body (Jennings and Austin 2002; Macedo 2009; 2011).

Gasteruptiidae includes two extant subfamilies, Hyptiogastrinae and Gasteruptiinae. Gasteruptiinae is distinguished from Hyptiogastrinae mainly by mandible short, prefemur present, female subgenital sternite notched or slit (Jennings and Austin 2002).

In China only the genus Gasteruption belonging to the subfamily Gasteruptiinae occurs.

Body length 5.0–20.0 mm.

Head. Head directly or gradually narrowed behind eyes and curved laterally; vertex convex posteriorly (but flat in e.g., Gasteruption bimaculatum); occipital carina developed to absent; antenna of female 14-segmented, male 13-segmented; eye large, glabrous or setose; clypeus without longitudinal striae or ridge; mandible short and robust, overlapping slightly when closed, with a large laterally directed basal tooth, subapical tooth small or absent; malar space present; maxillary palpi 6-segmented, labial palpi 4-segmented.

Mesosoma. Propleuron more or less elongate; pronotum divided in three lobes separated by curved crenulate notauli, antero-lateral pronotal tooth present or absent; anteriorly mesonotum in lateral view rounded or truncate (Gasteruption varipes); lateral lobes of mesoscutum usually less sculptured than middle lobe; propodeum sculptured, medio-longitudinal carina or elevation distinct or indistinct.

Legs. Trochantellus only present on hind leg, but usually incompletely differentiated; hind trochanter with oblique subapical groove; hind tibia clavate.

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 1B): jugal lobe absent, vein r-m absent; discal cell generally present (rarely absent, see Fig 271), formed by junction of 1-SR+M, 1-CU, 2-CU and 1m-cu, vein 1-SR+M arising from junction of M+CU1 and 1-SR; basal third of vein 2-M tubular and remainder only pigmented. Hind wing with 3–4 hamuli; vein M+CU, 1-CU and r-m usually partly visible.

Metasoma. Metasoma inserted very high on propodeum; first metasomal tergite ventrally almost closed, concealing most of first sternum, except posteriorly; second tergite immovably joined to first tergite and widely open ventrally; female hypopygium with a deep slit-like Y-shaped or a shallow V-shaped notch; ovipositor from shorter than metasoma to longer than body length, apex of ovipositor sheath black, dark brown, pale yellow, ivory or white.

Holotype of Gasteruption amoyense, ♀ (USNM), “[China:] Amoy [= Xiamen]”, “S.F. Light coll.”, “Holotype”, “Gasteruption amoyense n. sp., J. Pasteels det., 1955”; Holotype of Gasteruption curiosum, ♀ (BMNH), “Type”, “[China:], Hongkong, F.W. Terry, 1911–359”, “Gasteruption curiosum n. sp., J. Pasteels det., 1954”, “Holotype”, “B.M. Type Hym. 3a.365”.

1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Ru-zuo Zhu”; 1 ♀ (CSCS) “[China:] Fujian, Mt. Wuyi, Guadun, 18.V.2004, 1000–1500 m, Hu Zhou”; 1 ?♀ (CSCS), “[China:] Hunan, Huaihua, Xupu, Dajiangkou, 18.V.1982”; 1 ♀ (CSCS) “[China:], Hunan, Taoyuandong, 10.VI.1995, B. Zheng”.

Head shiny and comparatively elongate and narrow (especially frons) in dorsal view, gradually narrowed behind eyes (Fig. 7); vertex slightly flattened medio-posteriorly, without a depression; occipital carina moderately to narrowly lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 2); mesosoma 2.1–2.3 times as long as wide; propleuron slender and 1.1–1.2 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae and resulting in a long neck (Fig. 3); antesternal carina medium-sized and lamelliform; mesoscutum matt, coriaceous and sparsely coarsely punctate, punctures medially well separated and without distinct transverse rugae except some rugae medially (Fig. 4); hind coxa and femur brown; apical half of hind tarsus of ♀ largely ivory or black; hind tibia distinctly inflated; ovipositor sheath 0.8–1.1 times as long as body and 3.8–5.3 times as long as hind tibia; mesoscutum mainly coriaceous or rugose, with coarsely punctate or reticulate-punctate (Fig. 4); mesosoma and metasoma black-brown or dark brown; pterostigma dark brown; pale apical part of ovipositor sheath (Fig. 9) about 1.7 times as long as hind basitarsus; body length 9.5–14.0 mm.

Female holotype of Gasteruption amoyense, body length 9.5 mm (of fore wing 4.2 mm).

Head. Head shiny, sparsely punctulate, comparatively elongate and narrow in dorsal view and gradually narrowed behind eyes (Fig. 7); vertex slightly flattened medio-posteriorly (Fig. 2), without a depression (Fig. 7); occipital carina moderately lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 2); third and fourth antennal segments 1.5 times and twice as long as second segment; face comparatively narrow and rather short setose (Fig. 2); frons narrow, shiny and finely punctulate; OOL 1.6 times diameter of posterior ocellus; ventrally head not enlarged in anterior view (Fig. 6), malar space 0.3 times length of pedicellus.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 2.1 times its height; propleuron 1.2 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae, slender (Fig. 3); pronotum laterally coarsely crenulate medially and subposteriorly, coriaceous dorsally and ventrally largely smooth and shiny and with coarse punctures, densely pilose except ventrally; side of pronotum with a distinct tooth antero-ventrally; antesternal carina medium-sized, lamelliform and upcurved; middle and lateral lobe of mesoscutum mainly coarsely punctate and with shiny smooth interspaces (Fig. 4), medially with some transverse rugae and medio-posteriorly coarsely reticulate-punctate; scutellum largely smooth and with some fine punctures; mesosoma conspicuously white pilose laterally (Fig. 3); middle lobe slightly protuberant.

Legs. Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.8, 4.4 and 5.1 times their width, respectively; hind tibia rather swollen and ventrally curved (Fig. 5); fore coxa distinctly removed from mesopleuron (Fig. 5); hind coxa transversely striate dorsally (except basally) and remainder coriaceous; hind basitarsus moderately slender (Fig. 5).

Metasoma. Ovipositor sheath as long as body, 1.3 times as long as metasoma, 3.1 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined and 5.3 times hind tibia; white apical part of ovipositor sheath 1.7 times as long as hind basitarsus; hypopygium v-shaped incised.

Colour. Black-brown or dark brown; mandible (including base), tegulae, trochantelli, apices and bases of femora narrowly yellow-brown; bases of fore and middle tibiae and a stripe anteriorly, middle basitarsus (except apically); subbasal ring of hind femur, hind basitarsus (except quarter) and apex of ovipositor sheath white; metasoma brown, but base and apex dark brown; remainder of fore and middle legs, and pterostigma dark brown; wing membrane subhyaline.

Male. Unknown.

Variation.Ovipositor sheath 0.8–1.1 times as long as body, 1.2–1.7 times as long as metasoma, 2.4–4.0 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined and 3.8–5.3 times as long as hind tibia; pale apical part of ovipositor sheath pale brown or white; length of fore wing 4.2–6.6 mm, of body 9.5–14.0 mm; head gradually narrowed behind eyes and weakly curved laterally; temple about 0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view; third and fourth antennal segments 1.7 times and 2.2 times as long as second segment; fourth antennal segment 1.3 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment 1.2 times as long as third segment; minimum of malar space 0.1 times as long as second antennal segment; length of mesosoma 2.3 times as long as its height; propleuron slender; side of pronotum mainly coriaceous, ventrally slight rugulose-lacunose; mesoscutum mainly coriaceous, spaced punctate, middle lobe with coarsely punctures; scutellum mainly coriaceous; propodeum shiny and reticulate-rugose, longitudinal carina indistinct; hind coxa coriaceous to transversely rugose in dorsal view; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.5, 4.3 and 5.4 times their width, respectively. Specimen from Zhejiang red-brown; mandible yellow-brown or dark brown; legs red-brown to orange brown, subbasal of hind tibia yellow, hind basitarsus without ivory patch.

China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Hong Kong).

Unknown. Collected in May to June.

Figures 2–9.

Gasteruption amoyense Pasteels, 1958, holotype, female. 2 head lateral 3 mesosoma lateral 4 mesoscutum dorsal 5 hind leg 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 fore wing 9 apex of ovipositor sheath.

Holotype, ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Zhejiang, West Mt. Tianmu, Laodian–Xianrending, 1250–1547 m, 17–18.V.1988”. Paratypes: 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Henan, Luoshan, Mt. Ling, 22.V.2000, Ping Cai”; 1 ♂ (SCAU), “[China:] Shaanxi, Ningshaan, Xunyangba, 1371m, 6.V.2011, Hua-yan Chen”; 2 ♀ (SCAU), “[China:] Hubei, Shennongjia, 15–19.V.2012, Kai Shi”; 2 ♀ + 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Zhejiang, West Mt. Tianmu, VII.1981 & 2–4.VI.1990 & 16–18.V.1988”; 1 ♀ (RMNH), “[China:] Zhejiang, West Mt. Tianmu, Laodian–Xianrending, 1250–1547, 7.VI.1989, Jun-hua He”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Zhejiang, West Mt. Tianmu, Xianrending, 30.VII.1998, Ming-shui Zhao”; 1 ♂ (SCAU), “[China:] Zhejiang, West Mt. Tianmu, Chantan temple, 350 m, 16.V.1988, Jin-jiang Fan”.

Head evenly convex in front of occipital carina and without any depression medio-posteriorly; occipital carina narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 10); length of mesosoma about twice its height; propleuron 0.7–0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 11); mesoscutum coriaceous and matt, medio-posteriorly slightly rugulose (Figs 12, 20); hind coxa extremely slender and coriaceous; ovipositor widened apically and more or less angularly upcurved apically in dead specimens (Fig. 18); ovipositor sheath about 0.3–0.5 times as long as body and 0.4–0.6 times as long as metasoma; pale apical part of ovipositor sheath 1.9–2.3 times as long as hind basitarsus.

Holotype, female, body length 14.5 mm.

Head. Head directly narrowed behind eyes and distinct curved laterally (Fig. 15), emarginated distinctly medio-posteriorly; temple 0.5–0.6 times as long as eye in dorsal view (Fig. 15); vertex and frons matt and coriaceous; vertex moderately convex posteriorly (Fig. 10) and without any depression medio-posteriorly (Fig. 15); occipital carina narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 10); third antennal segment 1.5 times as long as second segment; fourth antennal segment 1.3 times as long as third segment; fifth antennal segment 1.2 times as long as third segment (Fig. 17); eye glabrous; OOL 1.8 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; minimum width of malar space 0.2 times as long as second antennal segment; clypeus without depression (Fig. 14; cf. ♂ Fig. 22).

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma twice its height; propleuron robust (Fig. 11), 0.7–0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; side of pronotum mainly coriaceous, but dorsally a few rugulose, with a distinct antero-lateral tooth; mesoscutum coriaceous and matt (Fig. 12); medio-posteriorly slightly rugulose; scutellum coriaceous and matt; mesopleuron coriaceous; propodeum reticulate-rugose, medio-longitudinal carina distinct.

Wings. Fore wing: first discal cell parallel-sided and with outer posterior corner rounded (Fig. 16).

Legs. Hind coxa matt, extremely slender and coriaceous (Fig. 13); length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.9, 5.5 and 5.5 times their width, respectively; middle tarsus 1.2 times as long as middle tibia.

Metasoma. Apical of ovipositor width and more or less angularly upcurved (Fig. 18); ovipositor sheath 0.5 times as long as body, 0.6 times as long as metasoma, twice as long as hind tibia and 1.2 times combined hind tarsus and tibia; its ivory part 2.1 times as long as hind basitarsus and 0.3 times as long as ovipositor sheath; hypopygium shallow v-shaped apically.

Colour. Black-brown; mandible dark brown; antenna dark brown, gradually shallow; legs dark brown, fore and middle tarsi brown; metasoma dark brown.

Male (described after a male from China: Zhejiang). Body length 11.5 mm; head strongly curved laterally; temple 0.6 times as long as eye in dorsal view (Fig. 19); third antennal segment 1.5 times as long as second segment, fourth 1.4 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment as long as fourth segment and 1.4 times as long as third segment (Fig. 21); OOL 1.6 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; minimum width of malar space 0.4 times as long as second antennal segment; length of mesosoma 1.9 times as long as its height; propleuron 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 5.6, 5.5 and 5.1 times their width, respectively (Fig. 23).

Variation. Female: body length 11.5–13.0 mm, ovipositor sheath 0.3–0.5 times as long as body, 0.4–0.6 times as long as metasoma, 1.6–2.0 times as long as hind tibia and 1.1–1.2 times combined hind tarsus and tibia; its ivory part 1.9–2.3 times as long as hind basitarsus and 0.3 times as long as ovipositor sheath; third antennal segment 1.5–1.6 times as long as second segment; fourth antennal segment 1.2–1.3 times as long as third segment; fifth antennal segment 1.1–1.2 times as long as third segment. Male: very similar to female in structure and color, but differs in size; body length 11.3–12.0 mm.

China (Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei, Zhejiang).

Unknown. Collected in May to July.

Named after the more or less angulate apex of ovipositor in dead specimens; “angulus” is corner or bend in Latin.

Figures 10–18.

Gasteruption angulatum sp. n., holotype, female. 10 head lateral 11 mesosoma lateral 12 mesoscutum dorsal 13 hind leg 14 head anterior 15 head dorsal 16 fore wing 17 antenna 18 ovipositor and sheath.

Figures 19–23.

Gasteruption angulatum sp. n., paratype, male. 19 head dorsal 20 mesoscutum dorsal 21 antenna 22 head anterior 23 hind legs.

Holotype of Gasteruption breviterebrae, ♀ (Sapporo), “[Russia:] Saghalien [= Sakhalin Oblast], K. Tamanuki/ Konuma, 23.v.1931”, “Holotype Trichofoenus breviterebrae Watanabe, 1934, det. Konishi”. Paratypes: only 1 ♂ (Sapporo) examined, “[Russia:] Saghalien, K. Tamanuki/Nagahama, 28.vii.1927”, “Paratype (Allotype) Trichofoenus breviterebrae Watanabe, 1934”.

Japan (Hokkaido: Ashoro, Tokachi; Antaroma-Aizankeu. Honshu: Koike, Hakusan; Hirosaki, Aomori); China (Heilongjiang, Harbin (ZJUH); Jilin, Mt. Changbai, Daobai River, 740 m; Jilin, Daxinggou (ZJUH); Inner Mongolia, Bayannaoer (ZJUH); Ningxia, Jingyuan, Mt. Liupan (ZJUH); Beijing, Gongzhufen (ZJUH); Hebei, Mt. Xiaowutai (ZJUH); Henan, Xinxiang (ZJUH); Qinghai, Nangqian, 4288 m, N31°58.399', E96°30.757' and Mt. Qilian, Menyuan, 3300 m; Xinjiang, Hami; Xinjiang, Qihe, Buergen River, N46°09.006', E101°18.775', 1148 m; Xinjiang, Bole, Xiaerxili, N45°13.289', E82°04.533', 1863 m; Xinjiang, Yili, Gongnaisi, N43°10.948', E84°19.763', 2425 m; Shanxi, Fengxian, Mt. Jiantai, 1700 m; Hubei, Shennongjia Nature Reserve, Xiaolongtan, N31°15', E109°56', 1800 m; Hunan, Zhuzhou(CSCS); Sichuan, Wolong Nature Reserve; Far East Russia (Sakhalin).

Apex of ovipositor sheath black or slightly brown (Fig. 31), if rather pale apically then pale part shorter than 0.3 times hind basitarsus; ovipositor sheath 0.8–1.3 times as long as hind tibia and 0.4–0.8 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined; occipital carina obsolescent medio-dorsally (Figs 29, 33) and rather protruding ventro-posteriorly (Fig. 24); antesternal carina narrow; head, laterally mesosoma and scape black; head in anterior view slightly protruding below lower level of eyes by less than basal width of mandible and mandibular condylus near lower level of eyes (Figs 28, 35); in lateral viewcondylarincision of malar space close to eye (Fig. 24); clypeus with small depression or depression obsolescent; eyes shortly setose; fourth and fifth antennal segment 1.1–1.3 (♀)–1.4 (♂) and 0.9–1.1 (♀)–1.4 (♂) times as long as third segment, respectively (Figs 32, 37); apical antennal segment at most 1.2 times as long as third antennal segment and its colour similar to colour of medial segments; antenna of female may be partly yellow-brown; mesoscutum and head similarly coriaceous, at most mesoscutum superficially rugulose (Figs 26, 34); propleuron robust and about 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 25); hind coxa often transversely rugose dorsally, but sometimes mainly coriaceous; hind tibia robust, with a distinct subbasal ivory ring and swollen, resulting in a distinctly convex ventral border (Fig. 27, 36); hind basitarsus comparatively long (Fig. 27, 36); hind tibial spurs yellow-brown or brown; hind tarsus brown, dark brown or black; incision of hypopygium shallow.

Holotype of Gasteruption breviterebrae, female, body length 8.9 mm.

Head. Vertex and frons matt and very densely finely coriaceous, moderately convex (Fig. 24) and without a depression medio-posteriorly (Fig. 29); head gradually narrowed behind eyes; temple 0.6 times as long as eye in dorsal view (Fig. 29); fourth antennal segment 1.2 times as long as third segment and 0.7 times as long as second and third segments combined, fifth antennal segment 1.1 times as long as third segment (Fig. 32), third antennal segment long and 1.5 times as long as second segment; occipital carina narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 29); ocelli comparatively small, OOL 1.4 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; face rather wide (Fig. 28); minimum width of malar space 0.5 times as long as second antennal segment (Fig. 24); clypeus with small triangular depression and slightly emarginate (Fig. 28); eye setose.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.7 times its height; pronotal side moderately high and ventrally coriaceous, without distinct antero-lateral tooth; mesoscutum slightly protruding anteriorly; propleuron robust, 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 25); antesternal carina narrow and hardly lamelliform; mesoscutum densely coriaceous and rather matt, posteriorly with some rugae (Fig. 26); scutellum coriaceous.

Wings. First discal cell parallel-sided and with posterior corners rounded (Fig. 30).

Legs. Hind coxa rather matt, robust, coriaceous; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.9, 3.2 and 5.0 times their width, respectively; middle tarsus normal (Fig. 27), as long as middle tibia; middle femur subparallel-sided and slenderer than fore femur.

Metasoma. Ovipositor sheath 0.2 times as long as body, 0.3 times as long as metasoma and 0.9 times as long as hind tibia; sheath apically dark brown; hypopygium shallow v-shaped apically.

Colour. Black or black-brown; second–fourth metasomal tergites apically and antenna (except for four black basal segments) more or less brown, tegulae and legs largely dark brown, but hind tibial spurs pale brown and hind tibia with large ventral subbasal patch ivory; pterostigma brown.

Male. Paratype. Head behind eyes roundly narrowed in dorsal view (Fig. 33); occipital carina distinctly pigmented, narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 33); face wide (Fig. 35); third antennal segment about 1.7 times as long as second segment (Fig. 37); fourth segment 1.4 times as long as third segment, as fifth segment, and 0.8 times as long as second and third segments combined; vertex coriaceous, matt; eye glabrous; frons rather convex and anterior ocellus above upper level of frons (Fig. 35); propleuron robust and 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; antesternal carina non-lamelliform and narrow; mesoscutum densely coriaceous, mixed with fine transverse rugulosity and posteriorly distinctly rugose (Fig. 34); hind coxa slender in dorsal view; hind basitarsus transversely rugose dorsally; hind leg coloured as in female but hind tarsus largely brown (Fig. 36); apical half of first metasomal tergite and second tergite black; paramere black apically; body length 9.7 mm. Very similar to female, but slightly more coarsely sculptured.

Variation. Female: body length 8.7–14.0 mm, ovipositor sheath 0.8–1.3 times as long as hind tibia. Temple 0.6–0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view; occipital area towards inside concave more or less; third antennal segment 1.5–1.7 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.1–1.3 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment 0.9–1.0 times as long as third segment; OOL 1.3–1.4 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; minimum width of malar space 0.3–0.5 times as long as second antennal segment; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.1–4.3, 3.4–3.6 and 4.9–5.4 times their width, respectively; ovipositor sheath black, 1.0–1.5 times as long as hind tibia. Male: body length 8.0–12.0 mm, very similar to female. Third antennal segment 1.1–1.3 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.3–1.4 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment as long as fourth segment.

China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Ningxia, Qinghai, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Tibet); Russia (Sakhalin Oblast); Japan.

. Unknown. Collected in May–August.

There are no distinct morphological differences between the West and East Palaearctic populations.

Figures 24–32.

Gasteruption assectator (Linnaeus, 1758), holotype, female. 24 head lateral 25 mesosoma lateral 26 mesoscutum dorsal 27 hind leg 28 head anterior 29 head dorsal 30 fore wing 31 apex of ovipositor sheath 32 the first to fourth antennal segments.

Figures 33–37.

Gasteruption assectator (Linnaeus, 1758), male, Inner Mongolia. 33 head dorsal 34  mesoscutum dorsal 35 head anterior 36 hind leg 37 antenna.

Holotype, ♀ (CSCS), “[China:] Hubei, Shennongjia Nature Reserve, Banbiyan, 2600 m, 26.VI.2002, Yi-hai Zhong”.

Apex of ovipositor sheath ivory, ivory part 0.8 times as long as hind basitarsus; ovipositor sheath comparatively wide (Fig. 45); ovipositor sheath 0.9 times as long as hind tibia and 0.6 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined; occipital carina obsolescent medio-dorsally (Fig. 43) and rather protruding ventro-posteriorly (Fig. 38); antesternal carina narrow; head, laterally mesosoma and scape black; head in anterior view slightly protruding below lower level of eyes by less than basal width of mandible and mandibular condylus near lower level of eyes (Fig. 42); in lateral viewcondylarincision of malar space close to eye (Fig. 38); clypeus with shallow triangular depression at ventral 0.8 (Fig. 42); eyes inconspicuously setose; fourth and fifth antennal segment 1.4 and 1.2 (♀) times as long as third segment, respectively (Fig. 46); apical antennal segment 1.2 times as long as third antennal segment and paler than medial segments; antenna of female yellow-brown apically; sculpture of mesoscutum and head dissimilar, matt (Fig. 40); head dorsally densely coriaceous, but mesoscutum densely rugulose and medio-posteriorly reticulate-rugose; propleuron robust and 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 39); hind coxa finely transversely striate and rather slender; hind tibia narrow and elongate, without subbasal ivory patch and ventral border slightly convex (Fig. 41); hind basitarsus comparatively long (Fig. 41); hind tibial spurs yellow-brown; hind tarsus dark brown; apical sixth of hypopygium incised and hypopygium pale apically.

Holotype, female, body length 17.6 mm, of fore wing 9.0 mm.

Head. Vertex and frons matt and very finely densely coriaceous, moderately convex (Fig. 38) and without a depression medio-posteriorly (Fig. 43); head gradually narrowed behind eyes and U-shaped excised medio-posteriorly (Fig. 43; more distinctly so if head in plane of vertex); temple 0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view (Fig. 43); fourth antennal segment 1.4 times as long as third segment and 0.8 times as long as second and third segments combined, fifth antennal segment 1.2 times as long as third segment (Fig. 46), third antennal segment 1.4 times as long as second segment; occipital carina narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally; ocelli comparatively small, OOL 1.8 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; face wide (Fig. 42); minimum width of malar space 0.3 times as long as second antennal segment (Fig. 38); clypeus with shallow triangular depression up to dorsal fifth and slightly emarginate (Fig. 42); eye inconspicuously setose.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma twice its height; pronotal side moderately high and ventrally largely rugulose, without distinct antero-lateral tooth, but angularly protruding (Fig. 39); mesoscutum slightly protruding anteriorly; propleuron robust and 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; antesternal carina narrow and hardly lamelliform; mesoscutum densely rugulose, medio-posteriorly reticulate-rugose and matt; scutellum irregularly rugose (Fig. 40).

Wings. First discal cell elongate triangular and with vein 3-CU1 near apical third (Fig. 44).

Legs. Hind coxa finely transversely striate, rather slender and with satin sheen; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.5, 5.6 and 6.0 times their width, respectively; middle tarsus elongate (Fig. 41), 1.2 times as long as middle tibia; middle femur subparallel-sided and much slenderer than fore femur.

Metasoma. Ovipositor sheath 0.2 times as long as body, 0.3 times as long as metasoma and 0.9 times as long as hind tibia; ivory apical part of sheath 0.8 times as long as hind basitarsus; hypopygium shallow v-shaped apically.

Colour. Black or black-brown; mandible yellow-brown; antenna apically yellow-brown, tegulae and legs more or less dark brown, but hind tibial spurs yellow-brown; pterostigma dark brown; wing membrane subhyaline.

Male. Unknown.

China (Hubei).

Unknown. Collected in June in montane zone (2600 m).

From the specific name “assectator” and “oides” (Latin for “resembling”), because of its superficial similarity to Gasteruption assectator.

Figures 38–46.

Gasteruption assectoides sp. n., holotype, female. 38 head lateral 39 mesosoma lateral 40 mesoscutum dorsal 41 hind legs 42 head anterior 43 head dorsal 44 fore wing 45 ovipositor sheath 46 the first to sixth antennal segments.

Holotype, ♂ (NRS), “N.E. Burma, Sadon, 17.III.1934, R. Malaise”, “Gasteruption bimaculatum n. sp., J. Pasteels det. 1954”, “Holotype”, “NHRS-HEVA 000001977”. Paratypes from Sumba are excluded. Two paratype females of Gasteruption obscuripenne from Hainan (USNM: Chue Mo Ling (= Zhumuling), NE of Nodoa (= Nada), 21.VIII.1929 and NW of Nodoa (= Nada), 27.VIII.1929).

1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Henan, Xinxiang, 28.IV.1980, Cheng-zhong Xu”; 1 ♂ + 1 ♀ (CSCS) “[China:] Fujian, Mt. Wuyi, 7.VII.2007, 1000 m, Ji-gang Jiang & Xiao Wei”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Jiangle, Mt. Longqi, 1.VII.1991, Chang-ming Liu”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, 10.V.1993, Chang-ming Liu”; 2 ♀ (ZJUH, RMNH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, Jinshan, 3–9.V.1990, Xiu-fu Zhao”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, Meihua, 20.IV.1960, Bi-ying Lin”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Hainan, Wanning, Mt. Jianfengling, 13.V.2008, Li Ma”; 1 ♀ (SCAU), “[China:] Hainan, Mt. Yinggeling, 17.XI.2008, Man-man Wang”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Guangxi, Longzhou, Wudesanlian, 350–400 m, 13.VI.2000, Jun Chen”; 1 ♀ (CSCS) “[China:] Tibet, Motuo, 17.VI.2009, 2750 m, Mei-cai Wei & Geng-yun Niu”; 1 ♀ (CSCS) “[China:] Yunnan, Qujing, Malong, Malianhe, Zhonghe, 19.VII., He-sheng Wang”; 1 ♀ (SCAU), “[China:] Yunnan, Jinggu, Weiyuan, 4.X.2004, Jing-xian Liu” ; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Yunnan, Hekou, Nanxi, 13. VII.2012, Xiao-ling Ji”.

Head without a depression in front of occipital carina (Figs 53, 61); antesternal carina non-lamelliform and narrow (Fig. 48); propleuron 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae and rather robust (Fig. 55); occipital carina obsolescent medio-dorsally (Figs 47, 55); head gradually narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view (Figs 53, 61); temple 0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view; OOL (♂) 1.3 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; third antennal segment of Chinese female specimen 1.5 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.1 times as long as third segment (Fig. 51), of male fourth segment 1.1 times as long as third segment and 0.7 times as long as second and third segments combined (Fig. 59); fifth antennal segment of female as long as third segment (Fig. 51), of male 1.1 times as long as third segment (Fig. 59) and penultimate segments unknown; third antennal segment of male normal, 1.6 times as long as second segment (Fig. 59); vertex largely smooth and shiny; malar space short (Figs 47, 55); antero-lateral teeth of pronotum medium-sized; mesoscutum robust (Fig. 55) and rather finely transversely rugose (medially somewhat reticulate), without separate punctures; marginal cell of fore wing elongate (Figs 54, 58); hind coxa rather slender and weakly irregularly transversely rugose; hind coxa dark brown; pronotal side mainly dark brown but medially and posteriorly brown or orange brown; hind basitarsus of male black-brown (but basally somewhat brown) and hind tibia bicoloured (dorsally dark brown, ventrally with large ivory subbasal patch) and comparatively wide (Fig. 62); female tibia distinctly clavate, apically swollen, subbasally with large ivory patch; tarsus entirely black; basitarsus slender and sometimes with ivory basal patch (Fig. 50); apical half of paramere black; ovipositor sheath black apically, sheath of Chinese specimens 0.6–0.9 times as long as body, 1.0–1.4 times as long as metasoma and 3.0–4.1 times as long as hind tibia and 1.9–2.4 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined; mesoscutum coarsely or finely transversely rugose or rugulose (Figs 49, 57).

Holotype, male (according to original description, metasoma missing), length of head + mesosoma 4.2 mm.

Head. Vertex shiny and largely smooth, densely setose, flat in lateral view (Fig. 55) and without depression medio-posteriorly (Fig. 61); head gradually narrowed behind eyes; temple 0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view (Fig. 61); fourth antennal segment 1.1 times as long as third segment and 0.7 times longer than second and third segments combined, fifth antennal segment 1.1 times as long as third segment (Fig. 59), third antennal segment 1.6 times as long as second segment; occipital carina non-lamelliform and obsolescent medio-dorsally (Fig. 55); eyes short setose; ocelli large, OOL 1.3 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus and POL 2.2 times; face narrow (Fig. 60); malar space 0.3 times as long as second antennal segment (= pedicellus).

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.7 times its height; pronotal side normal and mainly rather weakly reticulate-rugose, but postero-ventrally partly smooth; antero-lateral teeth of pronotum medium-sized; mesoscutum not protruding anteriorly (Fig. 57); propleuron 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; antesternal carina narrow and hardly lamelliform; middle and lateral lobes of mesoscutum shiny and moderately transversely rugose, medially somewhat reticulate-rugose, without separate punctures; scutellum weakly reticulate-rugose; propodeum coarsely reticulate-rugose, with a median smooth and somewhat raised area; nearly entire mesopleuron coarsely reticulate-rugose.

Wings. First discal cell elongate triangular, parallel-sided and no distinct distal posterior corner and its base subvertical (Fig. 58).

Legs. Hind coxa with satin sheen, weakly transversely rugose or rugulose dorsally; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.5, 4.2 and 5.6 times their width, respectively; hind tibia comparatively wide (Fig. 62).

Metasoma. Missing in holotype; apical half of parameres of other specimens black.

Colour. Black or black-brown (including mandible); pronotal side mainly dark brown but medially and posteriorly brown or orange brown; mesoscutum antero-laterally and mesopleuron orange brown; base of fore and middle tibiae and ventrally hind tibia with large subbasal patch ivory; hind tibial spurs and pterostigma brown; wings subhyaline.

Female (described after a female from Fujian (Fuzhou, Jinshan). Body length 16 mm.

Head. Head deeply V-shaped emarginate medio-posteriorly, gradually narrowed behind eyes and weakly curved laterally (Fig. 53); temple 0.9 times as long as eye in dorsal view; vertex and frons with satin sheen, densely pubescence and coriaceous; vertex moderately flat posteriorly, occipital area towards inside concave, occipital carina non-lamelliform and obsolescent medio-dorsally (Fig. 47); eye setose; third antennal segment 1.5 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.1 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment as long as third segment (Fig. 51); OOL twice as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; minimum width of malar space 0.2 times as long as second antennal segment; clypeus with an indistinct triangular depression (Fig. 52).

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.9 times as long as its height; propleuron with satin sheen, comparatively smooth except for just finely wrinkled and punctulate, as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; side of pronotum mainly coarsely rugose, dorso-laterally coriaceous, with a distinct antero-lateral tooth; mesoscutum with coarsely rugose, medio-posteriorly very similar but more coarsely sculptured than formerly (Fig. 49); scutellum weakly rugose; propodeum with densely transversely rugose, medio-longitudinal carina distinct.

Wings. Fore wing: first discal cell parallel-sided and with outer posterior corner rounded (Fig. 54).

Legs. Hind coxa with satin sheen, slender and dorsally transversely rugose; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.0, 4.4 and 5.0 times as long as their width, respectively (Fig. 50); middle tarsus 1.1 times as long as middle tibia; hind tibia 3.5 mm.

Metasoma. Ovipositor sheath 0.7 times as long as body, as long as metasoma, 1.9 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined, and 3.1 times as long as hind tibia; hypopygium deep slit-shaped incised apically.

Colour. Black; mandible and antenna (except for three black basal segments) dark brown; wing membrane subhyaline, pterostigma and veins brown; mesopleuron red-brown; tegulae dark brown; fore and middle legs dark brown to brown, tibia and basitarsus basally ivory; hind leg black-brown, subbasal patch of hind tibia ivory, tarsus mainly dark brown, basal patch of hind basitarsus ivory in dorsal view; second and third metasomal tergites and basally fourth tergite red-brown.

Variation. Body length 12.7–17.0 mm; ovipositor sheath 0.6–0.9 times as long as body, 1.0–1.4 times as long as metasoma, 1.9–2.4 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined and 3.0–4.1 times as long as hind tibia. Both female paratypes from Hainan have the pronotum black, head with distinct V-shaped incision and comparatively narrow emargination medio-posteriorly; Other Chinese females have the mesosoma laterally largely red-brown and the incision may be more rounded. Chinese males differ from females by the normally convex vertex and the rounded incision of the head medio-posteriorly (Fig. 61); vertex flat behind ocelli (♀) or weakly convex (♂); pronotal side posteriorly and mesopleuron orange brown or black; mesoscutum coarsely or finely transversely rugose or rugulose (Figs 49, 57), sometimes sculpture obsolete; apical 0.4 of hypopygium of female incised.

China (Henan, Fujian, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet); Burma.

Unknown. Collected in March, June and July.

Gasteruption bimaculatum is very similar to Gasteruption obscuripenne Pasteels, 1958, a species described from Java (Figs 334–341), but Gasteruption bimaculatum has the mesosoma laterally often orange-brown (black in Gasteruption obscuripenne), the head less directly narrowed behind the eyes (more so in Gasteruption obscuripenne; Fig. 340 versus Fig. 53), the eyes conspicuously setose (but sometimes inconspicuously so; glabrous or inconspicuously setose in Gasteruption obscuripenne) and apical 0.4 of hypopygium of female incised (apical 0.3 in Gasteruption obscuripenne). Male paratypes of Gasteruption obscuripenne from Java have the vertex completely flat and more acutely incised and comparatively slender basal antennal segments. These differences may be clinal, but without studying material from the area between the Sunda region and China (including Himalayas) we refrain from formally synonymising both species.

Two paratypes of Gasteruption bimaculatum from Sumba (1 ♀ + 1 ♂ (KBIN) “C. Sumba, Lokojengo, 24.ix. (♀) or 25.ix.1949 (♂), Dr. Bühler, Dr. Sutter”, “Gasteruption bimaculatum n. sp., J. Pasteels det., 1955”, “Paratypus”, “R.I.Sc.N.B. I.G. 21280”) have been examined. They belong not to Gasteruption bimaculatum but are very close to Gasteruption obscuripenne. The Sumba specimens has similar ovipositor sheath (2.2 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined, 3.4 times hind tibia, 1.1 times metasoma and 0.7 times body), OOL long (1.4 times diameter of ocellus), brown mandible and coloured wings. However, the Sumba specimens has the head shorter in dorsal view, the propleuron slightly slenderer, the pronotal side distinctly slenderer, the face short and inconspicuously setose, hind femur slightly less slender and hind tarsus distinctly less slender, the pronotum with a distinct antero-lateral tooth and the mesosoma largely orange-brown laterally. The mesosoma is 1.9 times as long as high, 4^th and 5^th antennal segments of male slender and the propleuron 1.1 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae and hypopygium not slit-shaped incised. The report of Gasteruption obscuripenne from the Philippines (Pasteels 1958) will remain doubtful till females are available.

Figures 47–54.

Gasteruption bimaculatum Pasteels, 1958, female, Hainan. 47 head lateral 48 mesosoma lateral 49 mesoscutum dorsal 50 hind leg 51 antenna 52 head anterior 53 head dorsal 54 fore wing.

Figures 55–62.

Gasteruption bimaculatum Pasteels, 1958, holotype, male. 55 head lateral 56 mesosoma lateral 57 mesoscutum dorsal 58 fore wing 59 the first to fifth antennal segments 60 head anterior 61 head dorsal 62 hind legs.

Holotype, ♀ (NRS), “N.E. Burma, Kambaiti, 7000 ft., 17.V.[1934], R. Malaise”, “Gasteruption birmanense n. sp., J. Pasteels det. 1954”, “Holotype”, “NHRS-HEVA 000001978”. Paratype, ♂ (NRS), same data but 18.V.1934, “Allotype” and “NHRS-HEVA 000001979”.

1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Hunan, Shimen, Mt. Huping, 14.VII.2009, Jie Zeng”; 1 ♀ (CSCS), “[China:] Sichuan, Wolong Nature Reserve, 27.VII.1981, Li”.

Apex of ovipositor sheath widely ivory (Fig. 70), about 2.8–3.1 times as long as hind basitarsus; ovipositor sheath about 0.8–1.1 times as long as body; occipital carina narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 63) and slightly protruding laterally (Fig. 63); propleuron robust, 0.8–1.0 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 64); antesternal carina narrow; head, laterally mesosoma and scape black; head in anterior view not protruding below lower level of eyes and mandibular condylus near lower level of eyes (Fig. 67); in lateral viewcondylarincision of malar space close to eye (Fig. 63); clypeal ventral depression obsolescent and lateral corners rather protruding forwards; eyes glabrous; fourth and fifth antennal segment 1.3–1.6 and 1.3 (♀) times as long as third segment, respectively, (of ♂ antenna missing, but according to original description fourth segment 3.2 times and third segment as long as second segment); apical antennal segment of ♀ 1.4 times as long as third antennal segment and brown, paler than middle segments; mesoscutum and head matt, head dorsally densely coriaceous and finely punctulate; mesoscutum coriaceous between medium-sized punctures, punctate-reticulate medio-posteriorly; hind coxa coriaceous and with some transverse rugulae dorsally; hind tibia rather slender, with a distinct subbasal ivory patch and ventral border convex (Fig. 66); hind basitarsus comparatively long and medially dark brown, as remainder of hind tarsus (Fig. 66); hind tibial spurs dark brown; incision of hypopygium deep, slit-shaped.

Holotype, female, body length 15.1 mm.

Head. Vertex and frons matt, densely coriaceous and finely punctulate (Fig. 68), convex medio-posteriorly (Fig. 63); head comparatively weakly narrowed behind eyes; temple 0.6 times as long as eye in dorsal view (Fig. 68); fourth antennal segment 1.6 times as long as third segment and as long as second and third segments combined, fifth antennal segment 1.3 times as long as third segment, third antennal segment 1.8 times as long as second segment; occipital carina narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally; OOL 1.6 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; face rather wide (Fig. 67); minimum width of malar space 0.2 times as long as second antennal segment (Fig. 63); clypeus without distinct depression, its lateral corners rather protruding forwards and medio-ventrally slightly emarginate; eye glabrous.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.9 times its height; pronotal side comparatively elongate (Fig. 64) and ventrally coriaceous and partly rugulose, with a distinct antero-lateral tooth; mesoscutum not protruding anteriorly; propleuron robust, 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 64); antesternal carina narrow and narrowly lamelliform; mesoscutum densely coriaceous and with many medium-sized punctures (but less so on lateral lobes), matt and medio-posteriorly punctate-reticulate (Fig. 65); scutellum coriaceous.

Wings. Fore wing: first discal cell subparallel-sided and with outer posterior corner rounded (Fig. 69), glabrous; vein SR1 weakly bent.

Legs. Hind coxa coriaceous and with some transverse rugulae dorsally, slender; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.6, 5.2 and 6.7 times their width, respectively (Fig. 66); middle tarsus 1.3 times as long as middle tibia; middle femur subparallel-sided and somewhat slenderer than fore femur.

Metasoma. Ovipositor sheath 5.2 times as long as hind tibia, 3.1 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus, 1.4 times metasoma and 1.1 times body; ivory part of sheath 2.8 times as long as hind basitarsus; apical half of hypopygium incised.

Colour. Black; mandible largely yellow-brown; antenna dark brown, but apically brown; fore and middle legs brown, but tibiae ivory basally and coxae dark brown; hind leg dark brown but tibia with ivory subbasal patch ventrally; second-third metasomal tergites more or less brown, tegulae largely dark brown; pterostigma brown; wing membrane slightly infuscate.

Male. Paratype. Head behind eyes roundly narrowed in dorsal view; occipital carina narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally; face wide; antenna missing but according to original description third antennal segment as long as second segment; fourth segment 3.2 times as long as third segment and 1.6 times as long as second and third segments combined; vertex coriaceous, matt; eye glabrous; frons rather convex; propleuron rather robust and 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; antesternal carina non-lamelliform and narrow; mesoscutum densely coriaceous, without distinct punctures and posteriorly rugose and rugulose; hind coxa slender in dorsal view; hind leg coloured as in female; paramere dark brown and apically brown; body length 13.3 mm. Very similar to female, but less coarsely sculptured.

Variation. Specimen from Hunan: Body length 10.7 mm, ovipositor sheath 0.8 times as long as body, 1.3 times as long as metasoma and 4.3 times as long as hind tibia; ivory part of sheath 3.1 times as long as hind basitarsus; third antennal segment 1.6 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment as long as fifth segment and 1.3 times as long as third segment; propleuron as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae.

Oriental China (Hunan, Sichuan); Burma.

Unknown. Collected in May and July.

Very similar to Gasteruption sinense var. minus Kieffer, 1924 from China, but differs by having the propleuron about 0.8 times mesoscutum in front of tegulae (1.0–1.3 times in Gasteruption sinense var. minus Kieffer, 1924) and occipital carina narrow medio-dorsally (narrow lamelliform).

Figures 63–70.

Gasteruption birmanense Pasteels, 1958, holotype, female. 63 head lateral 64 mesosoma lateral 65 mesoscutum dorsal 66 hind leg 67 head anterior 68 head dorsal 69 fore wing 70 apex of ovipositor sheath.

Holotype, ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Xinjiang, Kuerle, 1985, En-zhen Wang”.

Head subtruncate medio-posteriorly; posteriorly vertex moderately convex in lateral view (Fig. 71); head black dorsally; hind coxa and femur yellow- or orange-brown; hind tibia black and subbasally ivory and less swollen (Fig. 74); hind basitarsus mainly ivory and only basally dark brown and second segment medially ivory (Fig. 74); metasoma yellow-brown; mesoscutum rather densely setose laterally (Fig. 73); mesopleuron red-brown and weakly sculptured (Fig. 72); ovipositor sheath about 4.0 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined, 1.9 times as long as metasoma and about 7.0 times as long as hind tibia; apical 0.5 of hypopygium of female slit-like incised, ; occipital carina obsolescent medio-dorsally (Fig. 76).

Holotype, female, body length 14.0 mm, of fore wing 6.5 mm.

Head. Head directly narrowed behind eyes and weakly curved laterally (Fig. 76); temple 0.6 times as long as eye in dorsal view; vertex and frons with satin sheen and rather sparsely very finely punctulate; vertex convex posteriorly (Fig. 71) and without a depression medio-posteriorly (Fig. 76); occipital carina narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 71); third antennal segment 1.7 times as long as second segment; forth antennal segment 1.5 times as long as third segment; fifth antennal segment 1.1 times as long as third segment (Fig. 78); eye setose (Fig. 71); OOL 1.3 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; minimum width of malar space 0.2 times as long as second antennal segment; clypeus without directly depression.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 2.2 times as long as its height; length of propleuron 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 72); side of pronotum with satin sheen and sparsely finely punctulate, slightly rugulose, antero-ventrally distinctly rugose especially, with a distinct antero-lateral tooth; mesoscutum with satin sheen and moderately densely punctate, interspaces with small punctulate and finely rugulose (Fig. 73); posteriorly and laterally with rugulose-punctate, scutellum with punctate and irregularly rugulose; propodeum reticulate-rugose, medio-longitudinal carina indistinct.

Wings. Fore wing: first discal cell parallel-sided and with outer posterior corner rounded (Fig. 77).

Legs. Hind coxa matt, moderately slender and with transversely rugose dorsally; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.0, 4.6 and 5.0 times as long as their width, respectively (Fig. 74); middle tarsus 1.3 times as long as middle tibia.

Metasoma. Ovipositor sheath 1.3–1.4 times as long as body, 1.9 times as long as metasoma and 7.0 times as long as hind tibia.

Colour. Red-brown; head black; antenna (except for first black basal segment) dark brown; mandible orange brown, apex dark brown; legs mainly orange brown, fore and middle tibiae laterally with ivory longitudinal patches; hind tibia black, subbasal patch ivory, basitarsus mainly ivory and basally dark brown, second tarsomere medially ivory; metasoma orange brown; ovipositor sheath black-brown, besides of apically brown; pterostigma dark brown.

Male. Unknown.

Palaearctic China (Xinjiang).

Named after the multi-coloured hind legs; “coloratus” is “coloured” in Latin.

Figures 71–78.

Gasteruption coloratum sp. n., holotype, female. 71 head lateral 72 mesosoma lateral 73 mesoscutum dorsal 74 hind leg 75 head anterior 76 head dorsal 77 fore wing 78 antenna.

Lectotype here designated, ♀ (DEI), “[China:] Formosa [= Taiwan], Taihorin, 7.VIII.1911, H. Sauter”, “Syntypus”, “Gasteruption corniculigerum Enderl., ♀, Type, Dr. Enderlein, det. 1913”, “Dtsch. Entomol. Institut Berlin”. Paralectotypes: 1 ♂ (DEI), topotypic and same date. In DEI and PAN are 3 female paralectotypes (from Taihorin, Kosempo and Silam) and 1 male paralectotype (from Kankau or Koshun).

1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Zhejiang, West Mt. Tianmu, 30.V.1998”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Zhejiang, Songyang, XI.1986, Han-lin Chen”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, 2.X.1983, Nai-quan Lin”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, 13.VIII.1989, Chang-ming Liu”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, 3.X.1990, Nai-quan Lin”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, Jinshan, 23.VI.1986, Jing-zhang Zhao”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, 9.VI.1988, Xiu-fu Zhao”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, Jinshan, 19–26.IV.1990, Xiu-fu Zhao”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, 31.X.1954, H. F. Chao [= Xiu-fu Zhao] Coll”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Nanjing, 28.VII.1988, Xiao-lin Lin”; 1 ♀ (NMNS) “[China:] Taiwan, Taitung, Taiyuan, 21.VII.2000, M.L. Chan”; 1 ♂ (id.), “[China:] Taiwan, Paling, 18.VII.1980 , B. S. Chang”; 1 ♀ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan, Musha, 25.VI-5.VII.1947, Maa, Chen & Lin”; 1 ♀ (TARI), “[China:] Formosa [= Taiwan], Suo, 19.VII.1938”; 1 ♀ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan, KAGI, 16.IV.1967, S. Toyota”; 1 ♂ (TARI), [China:] ?Taiwan, Takezaki, 3.V.1931, T. Shiraki”; 1 ♀ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan, Suisha, 21.I.1927, J. Sonan”; 1 ♂ (TARI), [China:] Taiwan, Funkiko, Arisan, 10.VII.1937, J. Sonan”; 1 ♀ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan, Koshun, IV.1918, T. Shiraki”; 1 ♂ (TARI), “[China:] Formosa [= Taiwan], Koshun, 25.IV.–25.V.1918, J. Sonan, K. Miyake, M. Yoshino”; 1 ♀ (SCAU), “[China:] Guangdong, Nanling Nature Reserve, 16.X.2007, Zai-fu Xu”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Guangxi, Tianlin, Qingping, 30.V.1982, Jun-hua He”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Hainan, Baisha, Mt. Yinggeling, 1–2.V.2008, Jing-xian Liu”; 2 ♀ (SCAU), “[China:] Hunan, Mt. Huping, 11–13.VII.2009, Shi-hong Wang”; 1 ♀ (SCAU), “[China:] Hunan, Mt. Huping, Shinianzigou, 9.VII.2009, Ya-li Tang”; 9 ♀ (SCAU), “[China:] Guizhou, Mayang River, 2.X.2007, Cui-hong Xie”; 4 ♀ (SCAU), “[China:] Guizhou, Daheba, 27.IX.2007, Jie-min Yao”; 2 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Guizhou, Suiyang, Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve, Qinggangtang, 8.VI.2010, Pu Tang”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Guizhou, Tianzhu, VIII.2009, Yang-wen Wang”.

White apical part of ovipositor sheath (Fig. 86) about 2.8–3.5 times as long as hind basitarsus; ovipositor sheath about 1.0–1.1 times as long as body and 1.5–1.8 times as long as metasoma; head directly narrowed in dorsal view (Figs 84, 92); vertex with satin sheen and very finely and sparsely punctulate and in front of occipital carina with shallow triangular depression medio-posteriorly (Figs 84, 92); occipital carina wide and lamelliform medio-dorsally (Figs 79, 87), and distinctly protruding ventro-posteriorly (Figs 79, 87); third antennal segment of ♀ 1.6–1.8 times as long as second segment; frons very finely punctulate, with satin sheen; vertex slightly convex medio-posteriorly and with deep cleft in front of occipital carina in lateral view (Figs 79, 84); propleuron moderately slender and 1.0–1.2 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Figs 80, 88); antesternal carina narrow; head in anterior view not protruding below lower level of eyes and mandibular condylus near lower level of eyes (Figs 83, 91); in lateral viewcondylarincision of malar space very close to eye (Figs 79, 87); eyes glabrous; fourth and fifth antennal segment of ♀ 1.3–1.4 (♂ 1.9–2.3) and ♀ 1.1–1.3 (♂ 1.8–2.1) times as long as third segment, respectively (Fig. 94); apical antennal segment of ♀ 1.2 times as long as third antennal segment and its colour similar to colour of medial segments; antenna of female dark brown; mesoscutum with satin sheen and coriaceous with spaced medium-sized crater-like punctures and with coarse transverse rugae medio-posteriorly (Figs 81, 89); lateral lobe of mesoscutum mainly coriaceous, laterally transversely rugulose and with few superficial punctures in lateral view (Figs 81, 89); hind coxa transversely rugose dorsally, mainly coriaceous; hind tibia weakly swollen, resulting in a slightly convex ventral border (Figs 82, 90), with a distinct subbasal ivory patch; apical half of hind basitarsus white (Figs 82, 90); hind tibial spurs dark brown; apical 0.55 of hypopygium incised; head, mesosoma laterally and scape black.

Lectotype, female, body length 16.7 mm.

Head. Vertex and frons with satin sheen and very finely densely punctulate; vertex slightly convex in lateral view (Fig. 79), medio-posteriorly with shallow triangular depression and with deep cleft in front of occipital carina (Fig. 84); head directly narrowed behind eyes, subconical (Fig. 84); temple 0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view; fourth antennal segment 1.4 times as long as third segment and nearly as long as second and third segments combined, fifth antennal segment 1.3 times as long as third segment, third antennal segment 1.8 times as long as second segment; occipital carina wide and lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 79); OOL 1.3 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; face rather wide (Fig. 83); malar space partly absent because mandibular condyles reaching eye (Fig. 79); clypeus without depression, its lateral corners not protruding forwards and medio-ventrally slightly emarginate; eye glabrous.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma twice its height; pronotal side moderately low and ventrally reticulate, but posteriorly largely smooth (Fig. 80), with a small antero-lateral tooth; mesoscutum hardly protruding anteriorly; propleuron comparatively slender, 1.1 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; antesternal carina narrow and narrowly lamelliform; mesoscutum densely coriaceous and with mostly spaced small to medium-sized and crater-like punctures (Fig. 81) and with satin sheen, medio-posteriorly with coarse transverse rugae (Fig. 81); scutellum superficially coriaceous.

Wings. Fore wing: first discal cell parallel-sided and with outer posterior corner hardly angulate (Fig. 85; cf. ♂ Fig. 93); vein SR1 distinctly bent.

Legs. Hind coxa with satin sheen, moderately slender, coriaceous and dorsally largely transversely rugose; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.4, 4.9 and 6.4 times their width, respectively; hind tibia weakly swollen, resulting in a slightly convex ventral border (Fig. 82); middle tarsus 1.3 times as long as middle tibia; middle femur subparallel-sided and slightly slenderer than fore femur.

Metasoma. Ovipositor sheath 1.1 times as long as body, 1.7 times as long as metasoma, 3.5 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined and 5.6 times as long as hind tibia; white apical part 3.0 times as long as hind basitarsus and 0.17 times total length of sheath; apical 0.55 of hypopygium slit-shaped incised.

Colour. Black or black-brown; mandible, tegulae and legs largely dark brown, but fore and middle tibiae basally, fore basitarsus, basal 0.6 of middle basitarsus, large subbasal patch of hind tibia and apical 0.6 of hind basitarsus ivory; apical sixth of ovipositor sheath widely white; pterostigma dark brown; wing membrane slightly infuscate (less than in male).

Male. Paralectotype: head behind eyes more gradually narrowed in dorsal view than in female and shiny (Fig. 92); occipital carina wide lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 87) and medio-posterior depression obsolescent (Fig. 92); face rather narrow (Fig. 91); third antennal segment 1.4 times as long as second segment (Fig. 94); fourth segment 2.3 times as long as third segment, 1.3 times as long as second and third segments combined and fifth segment 2.1 times third segment; propleuron rather slender and 1.1 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 88); hind leg coloured as in female but only basal half of fore basitarsus, basal third of middle tarsus ivory and hind basitarsus dark brown (Fig. 90); genitalia missing; body length 16 mm, of fore wing 6.7 mm. Very similar to lectotype.

Variation. Chinese specimens: Female: body length 13.0–20.0 mm, of fore wing 6.7–9.0 mm. Ovipositor sheath 1.0–1.1 times as long as body, 1.5–1.8 times as long as metasoma, 5.2–5.7 times as long as hind tibia; its apical ivory or white part 2.8–3.5 times as long as hind basitarsus; temple 0.6–0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view; third antennal segment 1.6–1.8 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.3–1.4 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment 1.1–1.2 times as long as third segment; length of mesosoma 1.9–2.2 times as long as its height; propleuron 1.0–1.2 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; propodeum reticulate-rugose or reticulate. Male: body length 12.5–17.0 mm, of fore wing 6.0–7.2 mm; temple 0.5–0.6 times as long as eye in dorsal view; third antennal segment 1.2 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.9–2.1 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment 1.8–2.0 times as long as third segment; length of mesosoma 1.8 times as long as its height; propleuron 1.0–1.1 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae.

Oriental China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou).

Unknown. Collected in January, April–October.

Figures 79–86.

Gasteruption corniculigerum Enderlein, 1913, lectotype, female. 79 head lateral 80 mesosoma lateral 81 mesoscutum dorsal 82 hind leg 83 head anterior 84 head dorsal 85 fore wing 86 apex of ovipositor sheath.

Figures 87–94.

Gasteruption corniculigerum Enderlein, 1913, paralectotype, male. 87 head lateral 88 mesosoma lateral 89 mesoscutum dorsal 90 hind legs 91 head anterior 92 head dorsal 93 fore wing 94 the first to fifth antennal segments.

Holotype of Gasteruption dilutum, ♂ (ZISP), “[NW China: Xinjiang, ] Oaz. Sandzhu [= Sandhu oasis], 20.VII.[18]90, (1800 m), [B.] Grombtsjevskij”, round golden label, “Gasteryption dilutum m., typ. ♂ un., AS. X.[18]91”.

Head without a depression in front of occipital carina; propleuron 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae and robust (Fig. 96); occipital carina distinct but non-lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 95); head directly narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view (Fig. 101); temple 0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view; OOL (♂) 1.2 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; third and fourth antennal segments of female unknown, of male fourth segment 1.8 times as long as third segment and 1.1 times as long as second and third segments combined; fifth antennal segment of female unknown, of male 1.7 times as long as third segment (Fig. 99) and penultimate segments unknown; third antennal segment of male normal, 1.8 times as long as second segment (Fig. 99); vertex finely punctulate and with satin sheen; malar space short (Fig. 95); antero-lateral teeth of pronotum obsolescent, only as angulate corner; mesoscutum robust (Fig. 97), densely setose and partly smooth between separate punctures; marginal cell of fore wing comparatively wide (Fig. 98); hind coxa short and coriaceous, but transversely striate dorsally; hind coxa and femur yellow-brown; pronotal side dorsally and ventrally yellow-brown but medially and posteriorly dark brown; hind basitarsus of male dark brown (but apically somewhat brown) and hind tibia bicoloured (largely yellow-brown, but large ivory basally) and wide (Fig. 102); female tibia unknown; scape and apical half of paramere yellow-brown; colour of ovipositor sheath unknown, but in related species black apically and moderately long.

Holotype, male, body length 12.9 mm.

Head. Vertex with satin sheen and finely punctulate, densely setose, flat in lateral view and without depression medio-posteriorly (Fig. 95); head directly narrowed behind eyes (Fig. 101); temple 0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view; fourth antennal segment 1.8 times as long as third segment and 1.1 times longer than second and third segments combined, fifth antennal segment 1.7 times as long as third segment (Fig. 99), third antennal segment 1.8 times as long as second segment; occipital carina non-lamelliform and distinct medio-dorsally; eyes glabrous; ocelli large, OOL 1.2 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus and POL twice diameter; face moderately wide (Fig. 100); clypeus flat and laterally not protruding; malar space 0.2 times as long as second antennal segment (= pedicellus).

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.6 times its height; pronotal side normal, ventrally partly smooth, medially crenulate and punctulate dorsally; antero-lateral teeth of pronotum as angulate corners; mesoscutum not protruding anteriorly; propleuron robust and 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 96); antesternal carina narrow and non-lamelliform; middle and lateral lobes of mesoscutum shiny, densely setose, partly smooth and punctulate between medium-sized punctures and postero-medially reticulate-punctate (Fig. 97); scutellum partly smooth and with few large punctures; propodeum reticulate and densely setose, no median carina; nearly entire mesopleuron coarsely reticulate and densely silvery setose.

Wings. First discal cell parallel-sided and no distinct distal posterior corner and its base vertical (Fig. 98).

Legs. Hind coxa with satin sheen and punctulate, but transversely striate dorsally; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 5.0, 3.6 and 6.6 times their width, respectively; hind tibia wide (Fig. 102), hind basitarsus parallel-sided in lateral view, but distinctly widened basally in dorsal view.

Metasoma. Apical half of parameres of other specimens yellow-brown.

Colour. Black or dark brown; vertex partly brown (Fig. 101); clypeus, mandible, scape, pronotal side dorsally and ventrally, mesoscutum (except medio-posteriorly), metasoma (except first segment), hind tibial spurs and legs (but base of tibiae ivory and hind basitarsus dark brown except its apex) yellow-brown; pterostigma pale brown, but laterally darkened; wings subhyaline.

Palaearctic China (Xinjiang).

Unknown. Collected in July at 1800 m.

Figures 95–102.

Gasteruption dilutum Semenov, 1892, holotype, male. 95 head lateral 96 mesosoma lateral 97 mesoscutum dorsal 98 fore wing 99 the first to fifth antennal segments 100 head anterior 101 head dorsal 102 hind legs.

Holotype of Gasteruption dimidiatum, ♀ (ZISP), “79396” [= Uzbekistan, Amu Darja River, Petro-Alexandrovsk (= Turtkul), VI.1875, Mielberg]”, round golden label, “Gasteryption dimidiatum m., typ. ♂ un., AS. XI.[18]91”.

1 ♀ (ZJUH). “[China:] Xinjiang, Urumqi, 14–21.VII.1991, Jun-hua He”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Xinjiang, Qitai, V.1986”; 1 ♀ (RMNH), “[China:] Xinjiang, Urumqi, 1978, Wen-liang Ma”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Xinjiang, Shihezi, 1981, Fu-de He”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Xinjiang, Aertai, Jian-xin Kang”.

Apex of ovipositor sheath narrowly ivory (Fig. 110), at most 0.3 times as long as hind basitarsus; ovipositor sheath 1.0–1.3 as long as body; occipital carina narrow, non-lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 103) and protruding laterally (Fig. 103); propleuron robust, 0.7 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 104); antesternal carina narrow; head, laterally mesosoma and scape black; head in anterior view not protruding below lower level of eyes (Fig. 107); in lateral viewcondylarincision of malar space close to eye (Fig. 103); clypeal ventral depression obsolescent and lateral corners hardly protruding; eyes glabrous; fourth and fifth antennal segment 1.1 and 1.0 (♀; of ♂ unknown) times as long as third segment, respectively; apical antennal segment of ♀ 1.2 times as long as third antennal segment and dark brown, as colour of medial segments; mesoscutum and head with satin sheen, head dorsally very finely punctulate and with satin sheen (Fig. 108); mesoscutum partly smooth or punctulate between numerous large punctures, rugose-punctate medio-posteriorly (Fig. 105); hind coxa transversely rugulose dorsally (but posteriorly transversely striate), laterally densely punctulate; hind tibia slender, with ivory ring subbasally, with a moderately convex ventral border (Fig. 106); hind basitarsus moderately long and entirely dark brown (Fig. 106), in dorsal view distinctly widened basally; hind tibial spurs dark brown; first metasomal segment orange or yellow-brown; apical 0.6 of hypopygium incised.

Holotype, female, body length 12.6 mm.

Head. Vertex and frons with satin sheen and densely and very finely punctulate (Fig. 108), moderately convex medio-posteriorly (Fig. 103); head rather directly narrowed behind eyes and U-shaped emarginate medio-posteriorly (Fig. 108); temple 0.6 times as long as eye in dorsal view; fourth antennal segment 1.1 times as long as third segment and 0.8 times as long as second and third segments combined, fifth antennal segment as long as third segment, third antennal segment 2.6 times as long as second segment; occipital carina narrow, non-lamelliform medio-dorsally; OOL 1.2 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; face rather wide (Fig. 107); minimum width of malar space 0.4 times as long as second antennal segment (Fig. 103); clypeus without distinct depression, its lateral corners hardly protruding forwards and medio-ventrally emarginate; eye glabrous.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.8 times its height; pronotal side comparatively low and largely coriaceous, medially crenulate and with small antero-lateral tooth; mesoscutum not protruding anteriorly; propleuron robust, 0.7 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 104); antesternal carina narrow and hardly lamelliform; mesoscutum partly smooth or punctulate between numerous large punctures and rugose-punctate medio-posteriorly, with satin sheen, rather matt (Fig. 105); scutellum punctulate and with some punctures, shiny; meso- and metapleuron densely silvery setose.

Wings. Fore wing: first discal cell subparallel-sided and with outer posterior corner rounded (Fig. 109), glabrous; vein SR1 distinctly bent; marginal cell rather slender (Fig. 109).

Legs. Hind coxa with satin sheen, rather wide, transversely rugulose dorsally (but posteriorly transversely striate), laterally densely punctulate; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.5, 4.5 and 5.5 times their width, respectively (Fig. 106); hind tibia 1.1 times as long as hind femur and trochanter combined; middle tarsus 1.2 times as long as middle tibia; middle femur subparallel-sided and slenderer than fore femur.

Metasoma. Ovipositor sheath 5.0 times as long as hind tibia, 3.8 times as lomg as hind tibia and basitarsus combined, 1.6 times metasoma and as long as body; ivory part of sheath 0.3 times as long as hind basitarsus; apical 0.6 of hypopygium slit-like incised.

Colour. Black or dark brown; base of fore and middle tibiae and most of fore and middle basitarsi and subbasal ring of hind tibia ivory; remainder of hind leg (including basitarsus) mainly dark brown; clypeus ventrally, metasoma yellow-brown; pterostigma pale brown, but laterally darkened; wing membrane subhyaline.

Variation. Chinese specimens: Female: body length 12.6–15.5 mm, ovipositor sheath 1.0–1.3 times as long as body, 1.5–1.9 times as long as metasoma, 2.9–3.6 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined and 4.4–6.1 times as long as hind tibia; temple 0.5–0.6 times as long as eye in dorsal view; third antennal segment 1.6–1.7 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.3–1.4 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment 1.0–1.1 times as long as third segment; length of mesosoma 1.8–2.1 times as long as its height; propleuron robust, 0.7–0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; medio-posteriorly of mesoscutum with medium-sized punctate or coalescent punctates, laterally sparsely punctate or punctate-rugose; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.9–4.1, 4.5–4.9 and 5.0–5.8 times their width, respectively; middle tarsus 1.2–1.3 times as long as middle tibia; colour of body mainly black or dark brown; frist tergite orange-brown or black.

Palaearctic China (Xinjiang); Uzbekistan.

Unknown. Collected in July and November.

Figures 103–110.

Gasteruption dimidiatum Semenov, 1892, holotype, female. 103 head lateral 104 mesosoma lateral 105 mesoscutum dorsal 106 hind leg 107 head anterior 108 head dorsal 109 fore wing 110 apex of ovipositor sheath.

Not available.

1 ♀ + 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Gansu, Zhenyuan, VII.1981, Wei Cao”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Xinjiang, Aletai, 25.VII.1990, Deng-yuan Wang”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Xinjiang, Tacheng, 11.VII.1988, Qi Ma”.

Ovipositor sheath 0.5–0.6 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined, about 0.4 times as long as metasoma and as long as hind tibia; hypopygium comparatively shallowly emarginate posteriorly; apex of ovipositor sheath black or dark brown; mesoscutum rather finely and very irregularly rugulose or rugose (Fig. 113; males have rugose, females anteriorly rugulose); hind tibia about 1.2 times as long as hind femur and trochanter and less swollen (Fig. 114); hind basitarsus comparatively short and wide (Fig. 114); head truncate medio-posteriorly or nearly so; vertex and frons matt and more or less coriaceous (Fig. 116); occipital carina obsolescent to narrowly lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 111); clypeus with large shallow depression up to dorsal third (Fig. 115, 122); apical antennal segment 1.4–1.5 times third antennal segment; malar space 0.1–0.3 times as long as second antennal segment (= pedicellus); propleuron 0.7–0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae, robust (Fig. 112); median carina of propodeum absent (but sometimes a slightly elevated smooth median line).

Described from a female from Gansu (Zhenyuan), body length 8.5 mm, of fore wing 4.5 mm.

Head. Head directly narrowed behind eyes and weakly curved laterally (Fig. 116); temple 0.6 times as long as eye in dorsal view; vertex and frons matt and finely rugulose; vertex moderately convex posteriorly (Fig. 111) and without depression medio-posteriorly (Fig. 116); occipital carina narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 111); third antennal segment 1.5 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment 0.9 times as long as third segment (Fig. 118); eye glabrous; OOL 1.7 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; minimum width of malar space 0.2 times as long as second antennal segment; clypeus with a distinct depression (Fig. 115).

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.7 times as long as its height; propleuron with rugulose, 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 112); side of pronotum reticulate-rugose or rugose; mesoscutum and scutellum rugose (Fig. 113); propodeum reticulate-rugose, medio-longitudinal carina indistinct.

Wings. Fore wing: first discal cell small and subtriangular, m-cu short (Fig. 117).

Legs. Hind coxa robust and dorsally rugose; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.3, 3.7 and 4.0 times their width, respectively (Fig. 114); middle tarsus 1.1 times as long as middle tibia; hind tibia 2.0 mm.

Metasoma. Ovipositor sheath 0.2 times as long as body, 0.4 times as long as metasoma, 0.5–0.6 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined and as long as hind tibia; hypopygium v-shaped incised apically.

Colour. Dark brown; pronotum red; mesoscutum black-brown; medio-longitudinal part of propodeum red; second-fifth metasomal tergites with red band; wing membrane slightly infuscate; pterostigma dark brown.

Male (described after a male from Xinjiang). Body length 10.0 mm; temple 0.75 times as long as eye in dorsal view (Fig. 119); third antennal segment 1.5 times as long as second segment, fourth and fifth antennal segment as long as third segment (Fig. 121); OOL 1.3 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; minimum width of malar space 0.2 times as long as second antennal segment; length of mesosoma 1.7 times as long as its height; side of pronotum reticulate-rugose or rugose; mesoscutum coarsely rugose, posteriorly coarsely reticulate-rugose (Fig. 120); scutellum rugose; medio-longitudinal carina of propodeum indistinct; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.3, 3.7 and 5.0 times their width, respectively (Fig. 123); middle tarsus 1.1 times as long as middle tibia; colour of body black; mandible dark brown; legs (except for coxae black) dark brown; matasoma dark brown, but second-fifth metasomal tergites apically red.

Variation. Male: Body length about 10.0–11.5 mm.

Palaearctic China (Gansu, Xinjiang).

Unknown. Collected in July.

Figures 111–118.

Gasteruption formilis Alekseev, 1995, female, Gansu. 111 head lateral 112 mesosoma lateral 113 mesoscutum dorsal 114 hind leg 115 head anterior 116 head dorsal 117 fore and hind wings 118 antenna.

Figures 119–123.

Gasteruption formilis Alekseev, 1995, male, Xinjiang. 119 head dorsal 120 mesoscutum dorsal 121 antennae 122 head anterior 123 hind legs.

Holotype, ♂ (DEI), “[China:] Formosa [= Taiwan], Taihorin [in Chiayi county], 1911, H. Sauter”, “7.VIII.”, “Holotypus”, “Gasteruption formosanum Enderl., ♂, Type, Dr. Enderlein, det. 1913”, “Dtsch. Entomol. Institut Berlin”.

1 ♂ (RMNH), “[China:] Zhejiang, Mt. Tianmu, 15.ix.1947”; 2 ♀ + 2 ♂ (ZJUH, RMNH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, 25.IV.1991, Chang-ming Liu”; 1 ♀ (TARI), “ [China:] Taiwan, Taipei, 21.V.1959, S.C. Chui”; 1 ♀ (TARI), “ [China:] Taiwan, Rokkiri, 15.III.1918, T. Shiraki”; 1 ♀ (RMNH), “[China:] Hunan, Linyang, near Changsha, 30.VI.1985, RMNH’11”.

Apex of ovipositor sheath black or dark brown (Fig. 131); ovipositor sheath about 0.8 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined, about 0.4 times as long as metasoma and about 1.3 times as long as hind tibia; head somewhat elongate in anterior and dorsal view, emarginate medio-posteriorly; first discal cell of fore wing subparallel-sided (Figs 130, 140); occipital carina narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally (Figs 124, 133); antesternal carina narrow; mesoscutum very finely and densely coriaceous, matt and with coarse, more or less isolated punctures (Figs 126, 135), smaller and sparser on lateral lobes and medio-posteriorly with coarse transverse rugae; hind tibia robust and swollen, about as long as hind femur and trochanter combined (Figs 127, 136); hind basitarsus comparatively short, widened basally and black; malar space 0.3 times as long as second antennal segment (= pedicellus); propodeum regularly coarsely reticulate or scrobiculate, median carina of propodeum as a slightly elevated coriaceous median line; eyes with short setae; pronotum with small tooth antero-laterally; vertex and frons shiny and very finely punctulate; propleuron 0.8–0.9 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae and robust (Figs 125, 134); notauli distinct, finely crenulate and medium-sized (Figs 126, 135); hind tibia with pale subbasal patch; hind basitarsus black; apical 0.2 of hypopygium of ♀ incised; apex of ovipositor narrow and acute.

Holotype, male, body length 12.8 mm, of fore wing 6.1 mm.

Head. Head distinctly incised medio-posteriorly (Fig. 139); vertex and frons with shiny, largely smooth and very finely punctulate (Fig. 139), moderately convex (Fig. 133) and without a depression medio-posteriorly (Fig. 139); head directly narrowed behind eyes; temple nearly as long as eye in dorsal view (Fig. 139); fourth antennal segment 1.1 times as long as third segment and 0.7 times as long as second and third segments combined, fifth antennal segment nearly as long as third segment (Fig. 137), third antennal segment 1.9 times as long as second segment and moderately slender (Fig. 137); occipital carina narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 133); ocelli comparatively small, OOL 1.5 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; face moderately wide (Fig. 138); minimum width of malar space 0.4 times as long as second antennal segment (Fig. 133); clypeus without triangular depression and slightly emarginate; eye with short setae.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; pronotal side short triangular and largely coarsely reticulate-rugose (as mesopleuron), antero-laterally only angularly protruding; mesoscutum slightly protruding anteriorly; propleuron wide (Fig. 134) and 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; antesternal carina narrow and hardly lamelliform; mesoscutum very finely and densely coriaceous, matt and with large, more or less isolated punctures (Fig. 135), smaller and sparser on lateral lobes and medio-posteriorly and near lateral margin with coarse transverse rugae; scutellum coarsely punctate and superficially coriaceous; propodeum coarsely reticulate or scrobiculate, median carina of propodeum as a slightly elevated coriaceous median line.

Wings. First discal cell parallel-sided and with outer posterior corner rounded (Fig. 140).

Legs. Hind coxa rather matt, moderately stout, transversely rugose and coriaceous; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.2, 4.0 and 5.0 times their width, respectively; hind tibia swollen, sparsely punctate and as long as hind tibia and trochanter combined; hind basitarsus rather short and somewhat widened basally (Fig. 136); middle tarsus 1.1 times as long as middle tibia; middle femur about as slender as fore femur.

Metasoma. Paramere dark brown (Fig. 141).

Colour. Black or black-brown; tegulae and legs (including hind tibial spurs) dark brown or nearly so, but hind tibia with subbasal ivory patch ventrally, fore and middle tibiae basally and fore and middle basitarsi (except apically) pale yellow; wing membrane slightly infuscate; pterostigma dark brown.

Female (described after a female from Taiwan). Head behind eyes rather directly narrowed in dorsal view (Fig. 129); occipital carina narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 124); face comparatively narrow (Fig. 128); third antennal segment about twice as long as second segment (Fig. 132); fourth segment 1.1 times as long as third segment, fifth segment as long as third segment, and 0.7 times as long as second and third segments combined; vertex with satin sheen and finely punctulate; eye short setose; frons normal and anterior ocellus near upper level of frons (Fig. 129); propleuron robust and 0.9 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 125); mesoscutum densely coriaceous, between coarse punctures and medio-posteriorly distinctly punctate-rugose (Fig. 126); hind coxa moderately robust in dorsal view; hind basitarsus distinctly widened basally, especially in dorsal view; hind leg dark brown, but with ivory patch ventrally near basal 0.4 of hind tibia (Fig. 127); apical half of first metasomal tergite and second tergite dark brown; body length 13.6 mm; ovipositor sheath 0.2 times as long as body, 0.4 times as long as metasoma and 1.3 times as long as hind tibia; sheath apically dark brown; hypopygium v-shaped incised apically.

China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan).

Unknown. Collected in March–May and September.

Figures 124–132.

Gasteruption formosanum Enderlein, 1913, female, Taiwan. 124 head lateral 125 mesosoma lateral 126 mesoscutum dorsal 127 hind leg 128 head anterior 129 head dorsal 130 fore wing 131 apex of ovipositor sheath 132 the first to sixth antennal segments.

Figures 133–141.

Gasteruption formosanum Enderlein, 1913, holotype, male. 133 head lateral 134 mesosoma lateral 135 mesoscutum dorsal 136 hind leg 137 the first to fifth antennal segments 138 head anterior 139 head dorsal 140 fore wing 141 copulatory organ.

Holotype, ♀ (BMNH), [Japan, Honshu, Kobe, G. Lewis], “Type”, B.M. Type 3.a.166”, “Gasteruption japonicum Cam., Type / 97.11”. Syntypes of Gasteruption sinense var. minus from China (Zi-ka-wei [= Xujiahui, Shanghai], 1 ♀ (15.VI.) + 1 ♂ (6.VI.), O. Piel) not found in O. Piel collection (TARI), MNHN, Entomological Museum Shanghai or Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing. Probably lost unless present in remnants of Kieffer collection.

Topotypical series of var. minus (TARI, RMNH) from Shanghai (Zi-ka-wei) collected by O. Piel in IX.1890, V.1918, V.1925, VI.1926 and 1930–31; 2 ♂ (TARI), “Heirin BI, 24.VI.1926, J. Sonan”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Jilin, Changchun, Jingyue Pool, 7.VIII.1980, En-yu Yu”; 1 ♀ (TARI), “[China:] Zhejiang, Mt. Tianmu, 24.V.[19]37, O. Piel, Musée Heude”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Nanping, Mt. Mangdang, IX. 2002, Chang-ming Liu”; 2 ♂ (TARI), “[China:] ?Taiwan, Makazayazaya, Heito, 9.X.1926, J. Sonan”; 1 ♀ (TARI), “[China:] N. Taiwan, Taipei, 2.XII.1968, K.H. Chang”; 1 ♀ (TARI), “[China:] Formosa [=Taiwan], Mizuho, 23.III.1935, M. Chujo”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Inner Mongolia, Mt. Helan, Shuimogou, 30.VII.2010, Cheng-jin Yan”; 1 ♀ (CAU) “[China] Shaanxi, Ganquan, Qingquangou, 16.VIII.1971, Ji-kun Yang”; 1 ♀, (CAU). “[China:] Shaanxi, Nanzheng, 1630 m, 23.VII.1985, Fa-sheng Li”; 2 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Ningxia, Mt. Liupan, 21.VI.2008, Jie-min Yao”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Gansu, Zhenyuan, VII.1981, Wei Cao”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Xinjiang, Kuerle, V.1985, Jiang-lin Li”; 1 ♀ (SCAU), “[China:] Hubei, Huangmei, 25.VIII.2009, Qi Yang; 1 ♀, (ZJUH), “[China:] Hunan, Panyang, Yichang, XI.1955”; 1 ♀ (SCAU), “[China:] Sichuan, Pingwu, Baimazhai, 25.VI.2006, Hong-ying Zhang; 2 ♀ + 1 ♂ (CAU), “[China:] Yunnan, Kunmingxinshe, 16.VII.1940 & 12.VII.1940”; 1 ♀ (CAU) “[China:] Yunnan, Kunming, Agricultural University, IV.1942”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Yunnan, Panxi, 27.VII.1983, Yi-chang Liao.

White apical part of ovipositor sheath (Fig. 149) 1.4–2.0 times as long as hind basitarsus; ovipositor sheath 0.9–1.1 times as long as body; occipital carina narrow lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 142) and rather protruding ventro-posteriorly (Fig. 142); propleuron comparatively slender, 0.9–1.1 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 143); antesternal carina narrow; head, laterally mesosoma and scape black; head in anterior view slightly protruding below lower level of eyes by less than basal width of mandible and mandibular condylus near lower level of eyes (Fig. 146); in lateral viewcondylarincision of malar space close to eye (Fig. 142); clypeus with small depression or depression obsolescent and lateral corners protruding forwards; eyes glabrous; fourth and fifth antennal segment 1.4–1.5 and 1.2–1.4 (♀) (of ♂ 1.4 and 1.4) times as long as third segment, respectively (♂ Fig. 151); apical antennal segment of ♀ 1.3 times as long as third antennal segment and its colour similar to colour of medial segments; antenna of female black or dark brown; mesoscutum and head with satin sheen, head dorsally very finely punctulate and mesoscutum coriaceous with spaced medium-sized punctures and some rugae medio-posteriorly, at most mesoscutum superficially rugulose; hind coxa transversely rugose dorsally, mainly coriaceous; hind tibia robust, with a distinct subbasal ivory ring and swollen, resulting in a distinctly convex ventral border (Figs 145, 150); hind basitarsus comparatively long (Figs 145, 150); hind tibial spurs brown; hind tarsus dark brown basitarsus (except basally) white; incision of hypopygium deep, slit-shaped.

Holotype of Gasteruption japonicum, female, according to original description body length 20 mm (holotype has apical metasomal tergites and ovipositor missing, length up to apex of hypopygium about 18 mm).

Head. Vertex and frons with satin sheen and rather sparsely very finely punctulate, moderately convex and without a depression medio-posteriorly (Fig. 147); head gradually narrowed behind eyes; temple 0.5 times as long as eye in dorsal view (Fig. 147); fourth antennal segment 1.5 times as long as third segment and about as long as second and third segments combined, fifth antennal segment 1.3 times as long as third segment, third antennal segment 1.7 times as long as second segment; occipital carina narrow lamelliform medio-dorsally; OOL 1.2 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; face rather wide (Fig. 146); minimum width of malar space 0.2 times as long as second antennal segment (Fig. 142); clypeus with indistinct triangular depression, its lateral corners protruding forwards and medio-ventrally slightly emarginate; eye glabrous, but according to original description setose.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma twice its height; pronotal side moderately high and ventrally coriaceous and partly rugulose, without a distinct antero-lateral tooth; mesoscutum not protruding anteriorly; propleuron comparatively slender, 0.9 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 143); antesternal carina narrow and narrowly lamelliform; mesoscutum densely coriaceous and with spaced medium-sized punctures and with satin sheen, rather matt, posteriorly with a few rugae (Fig. 144); scutellum entirely coriaceous.

Wings. Fore wing: first discal cell parallel-sided and with outer posterior corner rounded (Fig. 148), glabrous; vein SR1 slightly bent.

Legs. Hind coxa rather matt, slender, coriaceous and dorsally transversely rugose; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.5, 5.0 and 7.6 times their width, respectively (Fig. 145); middle tarsus 1.3 times as long as middle tibia; middle femur subparallel-sided and slenderer than fore femur.

Metasoma. Ovipositor sheath missing but according to original description “longer than the body” (but according to measurements at the end of the description 0.95 times as long as body!) and sheath apically “broadly white”.

Colour. Black or black-brown; mandible, fore and middle femora narrowly apically, fore basitarsus and second-fourth metasomal tergites apically more or less brown, tegulae and remainder of legs largely dark brown, but hind tibial spurs brown and fore and middle tibiae hind tibia basally and apically, large subbasal patch of hind tibia (ventrally wider than dorsally) and hind basitarsus (but basally dark brown) white or ivory; pterostigma dark brown.

Male (described after a male from Zhejiang). Head behind eyes roundly narrowed in dorsal view (Fig. 152); occipital carina distinctly pigmented, narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally; face wide; third antennal segment about 1.7 times as long as second segment (Fig. 151); fourth segment 1.4 times as long as third segment, as fifth segment, and 0.8 times as long as second and third segments combined; vertex coriaceous, matt; eye glabrous; frons rather convex and anterior ocellus above upper level of frons; propleuron slender and 0.9 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; antesternal carina non-lamelliform and narrow; mesoscutum densely coriaceous, mixed with fine transverse rugulosity and posteriorly distinctly rugose; hind coxa slender in dorsal view; hind basitarsus transversely rugose dorsally; hind leg coloured as in female but hind tarsus largely brown (Fig. 150); apical half of first metasomal tergite and second tergite black; paramere black apically; body length 9.7 mm. Very similar to female, but slightly more coarsely sculptured.

Variation. Body length 9.0–16.7 mm. Ovipositor sheath 0.9–1.1 times as long as body, 1.3–1.6 times as long as metasoma and 4.7–6.0 times as long as hind tibia; its white apical part 1.4–2.0 times as long as hind basitarsus; temple 0.5–0.6 times as long as eyes in dorsal view; third antennal segment 1.7–2.0 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.4–1.5 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment 1.2–1.4 times as long as third segment; eye glabrous or shortly setose; propleuron 0.9–1.1 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; mesoscutum punctate-rugose and spaced medium-sized punctates; propodeum reticulate or reticulate-rugose, longitudinal carina indistinct or distinct; hind coxa with satin sheen and regularly transversely rugose or sometimes coriaceous.

China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan); Japan (Honshu, Kokkaido).

Unknown. Collected in March–December.

Figures 142–149.

Gasteruption japonicum Cameron, 1888, holotype, female. 142 head lateral 143 mesosoma lateral 144 mesoscutum dorsal 145 hind legs 146 head anterior 147 head dorsal 148 fore and hind wings 149 apex of ovipositor and its sheath.

Figures 150–152.

Gasteruption japonicum Cameron, 1888, male, Zhejiang. 150 hind leg 151 the first to fourth antennal segments 152 head dorsal.

Holotype, ♀ (SCAU). “[China:] Guizhou, Mayang River, 2.X.2007, Cui-hong Xie”. Paratypes. 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Shaxian, VII.1979, Zhen-yong Mei”; 1 ♀ (SCAU), “[China:] Hubei, Mt. Jing, 15.VII.2009, Yuan Ye”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Hunan, Changsha, 27.VI.1982”; 1 ♂ (SCAU), “[China:] Hunan, Mt. Huping, Shinianzigou, 9.VII.2009, Ya-li Tang”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Hunan, Liuyang, Xin-wang Tong”.

Hind tibia inflated (Figs 156, 164); side of pronotum with moderately wide to wide and distinctly crenulate grooves (Figs 155, 162); mesoscutum predominantly finely coriaceous, at most with some shallow punctures (Figs 155, 162); head more protruding in lateral and anterior view (Figs 153, 157, 163); vertex virtually smooth; vertex and frons more or less shiny and largely smooth (Figs 158, 161) or very finely punctulate; third antennal segment 1.7–1.9 times as long as second segment; propleuron rugulose antero-dorsally; hind basitarsus less slender (Figs 156, 164); propleuron 0.8–1.0 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae moderately slender (Fig. 154); hind basitarsus comparatively short and black (Figs 156, 164); head truncate medio-posteriorly or nearly so; occipital carina obsolescent to narrowly lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 153); malar space 0.1–0.3 times as long as second antennal segment (= pedicellus); median carina of propodeum absent (but sometimes a slightly elevated smooth median line), if present then surrounding reticulate-rugose and carina similarly developed; hind tibia about 1.2 times as long as hind femur and trochanter combined and less swollen (Figs 156, 164); ovipositor sheath 0.7–0.9 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined, at most 0.3–0.6 times as long as metasoma and 1.2–1.4 times as long as hind tibia; hypopygium comparatively shallowly emarginate posteriorly; apex of ovipositor sheath black or dark brown.

Holotype, female, body length 12.5 mm, of fore wing 6.0 mm.

Head. Head directly narrowed behind eyes and weakly curved laterally (Fig. 158); temple 0.8 times as long as eye in dorsal view; vertex and frons shiny and rather sparsely very finely punctulate; vertex moderately convex posteriorly and without depression medio-posteriorly; occipital carina narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 153); third antennal segment 1.9 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment 0.8 times as long as third segment (Fig. 160); eye setose; OOL 1.3 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; minimum width of malar space 0.3 times as long as second antennal segment; clypeus with a distinct angular depression (Fig. 157).

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.8 times as long as its height; propleuron robust, 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 154); side of pronotum rugose, with a indistinct antero-lateral tooth; mesoscutum matt, with finely rugulose or coriaceous (Fig. 155); medio-posteriorly with finely punctate-rugose; scutellum coriaceous; propodeum reticulate, medio-longitudinal carina distinct.

Wings. Fore wing: first discal cell parallel-sided and with outer posterior corner rounded (Fig. 159).

Legs. Hind coxa matt, with satin sheen, comparatively slender and transversely rugose ; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.8, 3.7 and 5.1 times as long as their width, respectively (Fig. 156); middle tarsus 1.3 times as long as middle tibia.

Metasoma. Ovipositor sheath 0.3 times as long as body, 0.4 times as long as metasoma, 1.3 times as long as hind tibia and about 0.8 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined; hypopygium v-shaped incised apically.

Colour. Black; mandible and antenna (except for four black basal segments) dark brown; fore and middle trochanters, femura and tibiae dark brown, tarsi brown, but middle basitarsus basally ivory; subbasal patch of hind tibia ivory; second-fifth metasomal tergites with red-brown band.

Male (described after a male from Hunan). Body length 13.0 mm; temple 0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view (Fig. 161); third antennal segment 1.6 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment 0.8 times as long as third segment (Fig. 165); minimum width of malar space 0.2 times as long as second antennal segment; length of mesosoma 1.7 times as long as its height; propleuron 0.7 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; mesoscutum sculpture more densely than of female (Fig. 162); length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.2, 3.7 and 4.6 times their width, respectively (Fig. 164); middle tarsus 1.1 times as long as middle tibia.

Variation. Female: body length 11.0–12.0 mm, ovipositor sheath 0.3–0.5 times as long as metasoma, 1.2–1.4 times as long as hind tibia and 0.7–0.9 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined. Temple 0.7–0.8 times as long as eye in dorsal view; third antennal segment 1.7–1.9 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 0.9–1.0 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment 0.7–0.8 times as long as third segment; OOL 1.2–1.3 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; length of mesosoma 1.7–1.9 times as long as its height; propleuron 0.8–0.9 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae, with a comparatively distinct antero-lateral tooth; mesoscutum matt and coriaceous, rather sparsely very finely punctate, or very finely rugulose; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.8–4.5, 3.5–3.8 and 4.3–5.2 times as long as their width, respectively. Male: body length 11.7 mm. Temple 0.7–0.8 times as long as eyes in dorsal view; third antennal segment 1.6 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.0–1.1 times as long as third segment, fifty antennal segment 0.8–0.9 times as long as third segment; OOL 1.1 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; length of mesosoma 1.7–1.8 times as long as its height; propleuron 0.9 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.0, 3.7 and 4.7 times as long as their width, respectively.

China (Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guizhou).

Named after the widened (“latus” is Latin for “wide”) hind tibia.

Unknown. Collected in June, July and October.

Figures 153–160.

Gasteruption latitibia sp. n., holotype, female. 153 head lateral 154 mesosoma lateral 155 mesoscutum dorsal 156 hind leg 157 head anterior 158 head dorsal 159 fore wing 160 antenna.

Figures 161–165.

Gasteruption latitibia sp. n., paratype, male. 161 head dorsal 162 mesoscutum dorsal 163 head anterior 164 hind leg 165 antenna.

Holotype of Gasteruption oriplanum, ♂ (BMNH), “Type”, “B. M. Type Hym. 3.a.173”, “Gasteruption oreiplanus [sic!] Kieff.”, “[China:], Tibet, Gyangtse, 13, 000 ft., June 1904, Tibet Exped., H.J. Walton, 1905-172/ 29.vi.1904”.

3 ♂ (ZJUH, RMNH), “[China:] Tibet, Zhenge, 3722 m, 11.VI.2009, Jiang-li Tan”; 1 ♀ (CSCS), “[China:] Tibet, Linzhi, Bomi, 2800 m, 20.VIII.2003, Wei Xiao”.

Apex of ovipositor sheath black; ovipositor sheath 1.1 times as long as hind tibia and 0.7 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined; occipital carina obsolescent medio-dorsally (Fig. 166) and somewhat protruding ventro-posteriorly (Fig. 166); antesternal carina narrow; head, laterally mesosoma and scape black; head in anterior view distinctly protruding below lower level of eyes by 0.7 times basal width of mandible and mandibular condylus below lower level of eyes; in lateral viewcondylarincision of malar space distinctly removed from eye (Fig. 166); outer side of mandible distinctly convex; clypeus with obsolescent depression; eyes glabrous; fourth and fifth antennal segments of ♂ 1.3 and 1.3 (♀: 1.2 and 1.0) times as long as third segment, respectively (Fig. 173); apical antennal segment of HT missing, at most 1.4 times as long as third antennal segment and its colour similar to colour of medial segments; antenna of female black; mesoscutum and head similarly coriaceous, at most mesoscutum superficially rugulose; propleuron robust and about 0.6–0.7 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 167); hind coxa mainly rugulose dorsally; hind tibia robust, without a subbasal ivory ring and swollen, resulting in a distinctly convex ventral border (Fig. 169); hind basitarsus comparatively long and parallel-sided (Fig. 169); hind tibial spurs brown; hind tarsus dark brown.

Holotype, male, body length 9.3 mm.

Head. Vertex and frons matt and very densely finely coriaceous, moderately convex and without a depression medio-posteriorly; head gradually narrowed behind eyes (Fig. 170); temple 0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view; fourth antennal segment 1.3 times as long as third segment and 0.8 times as long as second and third segments combined, fifth antennal segment 1.3 times as long as third segment (Fig. 173), third antennal segment 1.7 times as long as second segment; occipital carina narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally; ocelli comparatively small, OOL 1.4 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; face rather wide; minimum width of malar space as long as second antennal segment (Fig. 166; incorrectly described in original description); clypeus without triangular depression and slightly emarginate; eye glabrous.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.7 times its height; pronotal side moderately high and coriaceous except for medial and subposterior crenulate grooves, without antero-lateral tooth; mesoscutum slightly protruding anteriorly; propleuron robust, 0.7 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 167); antesternal carina narrow and hardly lamelliform; mesoscutum densely coriaceous and rather matt, posteriorly with some rugulae (Fig. 168); scutellum coriaceous; propodeum rugulose and with median carina, distinctly more developed then surrounding sculpture.

Wings. First discal cell slightly sinuate posteriorly and with outer posterior corner rounded (Figs 171, 172).

Legs. Hind coxa rather matt, slender, coriaceous; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.2, 3.9 and 6.8 times their width, respectively (Fig. 169); middle tarsus normal, 1.1 times as long as middle tibia; middle femur narrowed basally and slenderer than fore femur.

Metasoma. Paramere normal and completely black.

Colour. Black or black-brown; hind tibial spurs brown; hind tibia with large ventral subbasal patch ivory, but brown basally; pterostigma brown.

Female. Head behind eyes roundly narrowed in dorsal view; occipital carina distinctly pigmented, narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally; face wide; third antennal segment about 1.4 times as long as second segment; fourth segment 1.2 times as long as third segment, as fifth segment, and 0.7 times as long as second and third segments combined; vertex coriaceous, matt; eye glabrous; frons rather convex and anterior ocellus above upper level of frons; propleuron robust and 0.7 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; antesternal carina non-lamelliform and narrow; mesoscutum densely coriaceous, mixed with fine transverse rugulose and posteriorly distinctly rugose; hind coxa slender in dorsal view; hind basitarsus transversely rugose dorsally; hind leg coloured as in female but hind tarsus largely brown; apical half of first metasomal tergite and second tergite black; paramere black apically; body length 9.0 mm; ovipositor sheath 0.3 times as long as body, 0.4 times as long as metasoma and 1.1 times as long as hind tibia; sheath apically dark brown; hypopygium v-shaped incised apically.

Variation. Male: body length 10.0–12.5 mm; head deeply emarginated medio-posteriorly; temple as long as eye in dorsal view; vertex and frons finely aciculate; third antennal segment 1.5–1.6 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.4 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment 1.2–1.3 times as long as third segment; OOL 1.8 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; minimum width of malar space as long as second antennal segment; length of mesosoma 1.7–1.8 times as long as its height; propleuron coarsely rugose and robust, about 0.6 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; dorsal lobe of pronotum rugose or rugulose, ventrally densely rugose, ventro-laterally coarsely rugose, dorso-laterally coriaceous; mesoscutum matt and finely densely transversely rugulose, posteriorly weakly irregularly rugulose; propodeum rugose, medio-longitudinal carina distinct; first discal cell broaden; hind coxa matt, slender and dorsally transversely rugose; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.5–4.8, 3.9–4.2 and 5.6–6.5 times their width, respectively; middle tarsus 1.2–1.3 times as long as middle tibia.

China (Tibet, 2800–4300 m).

Unknown. Collected in June and August.

Very similar to Gasteruption minutum (Tournier), but this species has the first discal cell straight posteriorly and hind tarsus yellow-brown.

Figures 166–173.

Gasteruption oriplanum Kieffer, 1911, holotype, male. 166 head lateral 167  mesosoma lateral 168 mesoscutum dorsal 169 hind leg 170 head dorsal 171 fore wing 172 discal cell of fore wing 173 the first to seventh antennal segments.

Holotype, ♂ (DEI), “[China:] Formosa [= Taiwan], Kankau (Koshun) VII.1911, H. Sauter”, “Holotypus”, “Gasteruption parvicollarium Enderl., ♂, Type, Dr. Enderlein, det. 1913”, “Dtsch. Entomol. Institut Berlin”.

1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Jiangsu, Yixing, 4.VI.1935”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Zhejiang, West Mt. Tianmu, 17–18.V.1988, Xiao-ming Lou”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Zhejiang, West Mt. Tianmu, 1–3.VII.2010, Qi-chao Zhao”; 1 ♂ (CAU): “[China:] Fujian, Chong'an, Mt. Xiaowuyi, 30.VI.1979, Ji-kun Yang”; 1 ♀ (RMNH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, 25.IV.1991, Nai-quan Lin”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, 17.IV.1991, Chang-ming Liu”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Mt. Wuyi, Dazhulan, 31.VII.1983, Jun-hua He”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Mt. Wuyi, 14.VII.1994”; 1 ♀ (SCAU), “[China:] Fujian, Jianyang, Masha, 28.IV.2012, Jun-hao Huang”; 5 ♀ + 1 ♂ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan, Musha, 25.VI.–5.VII.1947, Maa, Chen & Lin”; 1 ♀ + 1 ♂ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan, Makazayazaya, Heito, 9.X.1926, J. Sonan”; 1 ♂ “[China:] Hopeh [= Hebei] Prov., Sienhsien [= Xianxian], Musée Heude”; 1 ♀ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan, Pingtung, Kenting, 22–26.III.1982, T. Lin & S.C. Lin”; 1 ♀ + 3 ♂ (TARI, RMNH), “[China:] Taiwan, Nantou, Lushan, 100 m, 27–31.V.1980, K.S. Lin & L.Y. Chou”; 6 ♂ (TARI, RMNH), “[China:] Taiwan, Nantou, Tungpu, 1200 m, 23–27.VII.1984, K.C. Chou & C.H. Yang”; 2 ♂ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan: Nantou, Wushe, 1150 m, 7.V.1984, K.C. Chou & C.C. Pan”; 1 ♂ (TARI), id., but 17.VIII.1984; 2 ♂ (TARI), id., but 23–28.VI.1981, K.S. Lin & W.S. Tang; 1 ♂ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan, Taitung, Chihpen, 17–18.II.1982, L.Y. Chou & K.C. Chou”; 1 ♀ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan, Taipei, 2.XII.1968, K.H. Chang”; 1 ♂ (TARI), id., but 13.IX.1968; 1 ♀ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan, Kuandouchi, 16–22.IV.1971, Malaise trap”; 1 ♂ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan, KAGI, 15.III.1936, S. Toyota”; 1 ♂ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan, Kotosho, 1–4.IV.1920, J. Sonan”; 1 ♀ (SCAU), “[China:] Ningxia, Mt. Liupan, 3–14.VII.2009, Hua-yan Chen”; 1 ♀ (SCAU), “[China:] Shanxi, Mt. Li National Nature Reserve, 26–30.VII.2012, Zhen Liu”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Hubei, Wufenghouhe Nature Reserve, 11.VII.1999, Wen-jun Pu”; 2 ♀ + 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Hunan, Liuyang, 6.V.1984 & 22.IX.1984 & 29.IV.1985, Xin-wang Tong”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Guangxi, Guilin, 22.IX.1987, Jun-hua He”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Guizhou, Meitan, V.1943, Ru-zuo Zhu”.

Apex of ovipositor sheath black or dark brown; ovipositor sheath 0.7–1.0 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined, at most 0.6 times as long as metasoma and 1.2–1.7 times as long as hind tibia; head nearly “fez-shaped” in anterior view (Figs 178, 186) and conical elongate in lateral view (Figs 174, 182); first discal cell of fore wing subparallel-sided (Figs 180, 188); occipital carina narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally (Figs 174, 182); antesternal carina narrow; hind tibia moderately robust (Figs 177, 185); hind basitarsus comparatively short and black; malar space 0.1 times as long as second antennal segment (= pedicellus); propodeum regularly coarsely reticulate or scrobiculate, median carina of propodeum as a slightly elevated smooth median line; eyes glabrous; mesoscutum very finely and densely coriaceous, matt and with more or less obsolescent isolated punctures (Figs 176, 184); pronotum with only angulate antero-laterally; vertex and frons with satin sheen and very finely punctulate; propleuron 0.8–1.0 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae and moderately slender (Figs 175, 183); notauli very shallow and narrow in ♀ but wider and more or less crenulate in ♂ (Figs 176, 184); hind tibia entirely brown (♂ or with pale patch (♀); apical 0.1 of hypopygium of ♀ incised.

Holotype, male, body length 11 mm, of fore wing 4.9 mm.

Head. Vertex and frons with satin sheen and very densely finely punctulate (somewhat coriaceous), moderately convex and without a depression medio-posteriorly; head gradually narrowed behind eyes; temple as long as eye in dorsal view (Fig. 187); fourth antennal segment 1.4 times as long as third segment and 0.8 times as long as second and third segments combined, fifth antennal segment 1.4 times as long as third segment (Fig. 190), third antennal segment 1.7 times as long as second segment and moderately slender (Fig. 190); occipital carina narrow and non-lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 182); ocelli comparatively small, OOL 1.6 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; face moderately wide (Fig. 186); minimum width of malar space 0.1 times as long as second antennal segment (Fig. 182); clypeus without triangular depression and slightly emarginate; eye glabrous.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.8 times its height; pronotal side moderately low and coriaceous except for medial and subposterior crenulate grooves, antero-laterally only angularly protruding; mesoscutum slightly protruding anteriorly; propleuron comparatively slender (Fig. 183), as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; antesternal carina narrow and hardly lamelliform; mesoscutum very finely and densely coriaceous, matt and with more or less obsolescent isolated punctures (Fig. 184); scutellum coriaceous; propodeum regularly coarsely reticulate or scrobiculate, median carina of propodeum as a slightly elevated smooth median line.

Wings. First discal cell parallel-sided and with outer posterior corner rounded (Fig. 188).

Legs. Hind coxa rather matt, slender, coriaceous; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.8, 5.0 and 4.4 times their width, respectively (Fig. 185), middle tarsus 1.1 times as long as middle tibia; middle femur as slender as fore femur; apical segments of hind tarsus deformed (Fig. 189).

Metasoma. Paramere dark brown.

Colour. Black or black-brown; antenna, mandible, tegulae and legs (including hind tibial spurs) dark brown or nearly so; wing membrane subhyaline; pterostigma brown.

Female (described after a female from Zhejiang). Body length 13 mm; head truncate medio-posteriorly, gradually narrowed behind eyes and weakly curved laterally (Fig. 179); temple 0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view; vertex and frons with satin sheen and coriaceous; vertex moderately convex posteriorly and without depression medio-posteriorly; occipital carina non-lamelliform and obsolescent medio-dorsally (Fig. 174); third antennal segment 1.4 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.3 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment as long as third segment (Fig. 181); eye glabrous; OOL 1.4 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; minimum width of malar space 0.1 times as long as second antennal segment; clypeus with indistinct triangular depression (Fig. 178); length of mesosoma 2.3 times as long as its height; propleuron matt and moderately robust, 0.9 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 175); side of pronotum coriaceous, without a distinct antero-lateral tooth; mesoscutum coriaceous and matt (Fig. 176); medio-posteriorly weakly rugulose; scutellum coriaceous and matt; propodeum reticulate-rugose, medio-longitudinal carina distinct; hind coxa matt, slender and dorsally regularly weakly rugulose; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.7, 4.5 and 5.6 times their width, respectively (Fig. 177); middle tarsus 1.2 times as long as middle tibia; ovipositor sheath 0.2 times as long as body, 0.3 times as long as metasoma, 0.8 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined and 1.3 times as long as hind tibia; hypopygium shallow v-shaped incised apically.

Variation. Male: body length 10.0–12.0 mm; third antennal segment 1.2–1.3 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.2–1.3 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment 1.1–1.2 times as long as third segment. Female: body length 10.0–13.0 mm, ovipositor sheath 0.2–0.3 times as long as body, 0.3–0.6 times as long as metasoma, 0.7–1.0 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined and 1.2–1.7 times as long as hind tibia. Temple 0.5–0.8 times as long as eye in dorsal view; third antennal segment 1.2–1.6 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.1–1.2 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment 1.0–1.2 times as long as third segment; OOL 1.4–1.6 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; length of mesosoma 2.3–2.6 times as long as its height; propleuron 0.8–0.9 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae.

China (Ningxia, Shanxi, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou).

Unknown. Mainly collected in February–October and December.

Figures 174–181.

Gasteruption parvicollarium Enderlein, 1913, female, Zhejiang. 174 head lateral 175 mesosoma lateral 176 mesoscutum dorsal 177 hind leg 178 head anterior 179 head dorsal 180 fore wing 181 antenna.

Figures 182–190.

Gasteruption parvicollarium Enderlein, 1913, holotype, male. 182 head lateral 183 mesosoma lateral 184 mesoscutum dorsal 185 hind leg 186 head anterior 187 head dorsal 188 fore wing 189 tarsus of hind leg 190 the first to seventh antennal segments.

Holotype, ♀ (BMNH), “Type”, B.M. Type 3.a.164”, “Gasteruption poecilothecus Kieff.”, “[Far East Russia or North China], Amoor [= Amur River= Heilongjiang] / 71 25”, “Determined by Dr. Kieffer”.

1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Jilin, Jiao River, VII.1988”; 1 ♀ (RMNH), “[China:] Jilin, Daxinggou, 7.VIII.2005, Mao-ling Sheng”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Hebei, Pingquan, 3.VII.1986, Jin-jun Du”; 1 ♀ (CSCS), “[China:] Xinjiang, Aletai, Kanasi, 16.VII.2007, N48°40.056’, E87°02.150’, alt. 1386 m, Mei-cai Wei”.

Ivory apex of ovipositor sheath (Fig. 198) 1.4-1.9 times as long as hind basitarsus; ovipositor sheath about as long as body; occipital carina narrow lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 191) and rather protruding laterally (Fig. 191); propleuron robust, 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 192); antesternal carina narrow; head, laterally mesosoma and scape black-brown; head in anterior view not protruding below lower level of eyes and mandibular condylus near lower level of eyes (Fig. 195); in lateral viewcondylarincision of malar space close to eye (Fig. 191); clypeal ventral depression obsolescent and lateral corners rather protruding forwards; eyes glabrous; fourth and fifth antennal segment 1.4 and 1.1 (♀) times as long as third segment, respectively (Fig. 199); apical antennal segment of ♀ 1.4 times as long as third antennal segment and brown, as colour of middle segments; antenna of female brown, except dark brown basal quarter; mesoscutum and head with satin sheen, head dorsally very finely punctulate and mesoscutum coriaceous between large and many punctures, become punctate-rugose medio-posteriorly; hind coxa transversely rugose dorsally, interspaces mainly rugulose; hind tibia robust, with a distinct subbasal ivory ring and swollen, resulting in a distinctly convex ventral border (Fig. 194); hind basitarsus comparatively long and medially ivory (Fig. 194); hind tibial spurs brown; remainder of hind tarsus dark brown; incision of hypopygium deep.

Holotype, female, body length 14 mm.

Head. Vertex and frons with satin sheen and densely and very finely punctulate or subcoriaceous, flat medio-posteriorly; head gradually narrowed behind eyes (Fig. 196); temple 0.5 times as long as eye in dorsal view; fourth antennal segment 1.4 times as long as third segment and 0.9 times as long as second and third segments combined, fifth antennal segment 1.1 times as long as third segment (Fig. 199), third antennal segment 1.9 times as long as second segment; occipital carina narrow lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 191); OOL 1.1 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; face rather wide (Fig. 195); minimum width of malar space 0.2 times as long as second antennal segment (Fig. 191); clypeus without distinct depression, its lateral corners protruding forwards and medio-ventrally slightly emarginate; eye glabrous.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.8 times its height; pronotal side moderately high and ventrally coriaceous and partly rugulose, with a distinct antero-lateral tooth; mesoscutum not protruding anteriorly; propleuron robust, 0.8 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 192); antesternal carina narrow and narrowly lamelliform; mesoscutum densely coriaceous and with many large punctures and with satin sheen, rather matt, medio-posteriorly punctate-rugose (Fig. 193); scutellum partly finely punctate and with some transverse rugae.

Wings. Fore wing: first discal cell parallel-sided and with outer posterior corner rounded (Fig. 197), glabrous; vein SR1 slightly bent.

Legs. Hind coxa with satin sheen, slender, coriaceous and dorsally transversely rugose; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.1, 4.1 and 6.6 times their width, respectively (Fig. 194); middle tarsus 1.2 times as long as middle tibia; middle femur subparallel-sided and slenderer than fore femur.

Metasoma. Ovipositor sheath 5.0 times as long as hind tibia, 1.6 times metasoma and 1.1 times body; ivory part of sheath 1.5 times as long as hind basitarsus; hypopygium deep slit-shaped incised apically.

Colour. Black-brown; antenna (except dark basal quarter) brown; fore leg and middle tibia and tarsus brown, but tibiae ivory basally; second-fourth metasomal tergites apically more or less yellow-brown, tegulae and remainder of legs largely dark brown, but hind tibial spurs brown and a large subbasal patch of hind tibia (ventrally wider than dorsally) and hind basitarsus (but basally and apically dark brown) white or ivory; pterostigma brown.

Male. Unknown.

Variation. Body length 14.5–16.0 mm. Ovipositor sheath 1.0–1.1 times as long as body, 1.6–1.7 times as long as metasoma and 4.7–5.1 times as long as hind tibia; its white apical part 1.4–1.9 times as long as hind basitarsus.

China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Xinjiang, Hebei).

Unknown. Collected in July and August.

The sculpture of the mesoscutum is variable in this species; it varies from some shallow punctures up to many (but well separated) coarse punctures (Fig. 193). Also the colour of the hind basitarsus is variable (as in most species; often largely dark brown or black but sometimes with distinct ivory part).

Figures 191–199.

Gasteruption poecilothecum Kieffer, 1911, holotype, female. 191 head lateral 192 mesosoma lateral 193 mesoscutum dorsal 194 hind leg 195 head anterior 196 head dorsal 197 fore wing 198 apex of ovipositor sheath 199 antenna.

Lectotypehere designated, ♀ (ZMIZ), “Type”, “[China:] Formosa [= Taiwan], Fuhosho, III.[19]09, H. Sauter”, “Gasteruption rufescenticorne Enderl., ♀, Type, Dr. Enderlein, det. 1913”, “Mus. Zool. Polonicum, Warszawa, 12/45”, “MIZ 313248”, “Mus. Zool. Polomocum Warszawa, Typus n. 1522, Gasteruption rufescenticorne Enderlein, 1913, Syntypus”. Paralectotype, ♂ (according to label; metasoma and antenna missing; DEI), “[China:] Formosa [= Taiwan], Takao, 5.VII.[19]07, H. Sauter S.”, “Syntypus”, “Gasteruption rufescenticorne Enderl., ♂, Type, Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Dtsch. Entomol. Institut Berlin”. Additional paralecotype (1 ♂ from Takao) in ZMIZ.

1 ♀ (TARI), “ZÔ-SE”, “Chine, Prov. Kiangsu [= Jiangsu], Shanghai, Musée Heude”, “10.VI.[19]30, O. Piel”; 1 ♀ (TARI), “[China:] Chenkiang [= Zhenjiang], Chusan, Musée Heude”, “4.VI.[19]31”, “O. Piel”; 1 ♀ + 2 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 4.VII.1980”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Zhejiang, Huizhou, Shishi, 25.IX.1984, Cai-e Zhou”; 1 ♀ (SCAU), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, 5.V.1965, Liang-chen Wang”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, Jinshan, 29.IV–2.V.1990, Xiu-fu Zhao”; 2 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, Jinshan, 6.VI.1989; 10.VI.1989, Xiu-fu Zhao”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, Jinshan, 3–9.V.1990, Xiu-fu Zhao”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, Jinshan, 20.VI.1990, Xiu-fu Zhao”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, Jinshan, 14–18.X.1990, Xiu-fu Zhao”; 3 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, 17.VIII.1990, Chang-ming Liu”; 2 ♂ (ZJUH, RMNH), “[China:] Fujian, Fuzhou, 15.VI.1988, Sa-ping Yi”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Jiangle, Mt. Longqi, 1.VII.1991, Chang-ming Liu”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Fujian, Shaxian, Yangfang, 5.VIII.1974, Xiu-fu Zhao”; 1 ♂ (NMNS) “Fujian, Kingmen, 15.IV.1999, by hand, M.M. Yang”; 1 ♂ (id.), “[China:] Taiwan, Jonghua, 11.IV.1971, B. S. Chang”; 1 ♀ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan, Urai, VI.1931, J. Sonan”, 1 ♂ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan, Renaechi, 17.IX.1933, J. Sonan”; 2 ♂ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan, Kuandouchi, 22–28.VI.1971, Malaise trap”; 1 ♀ (TARI), id., but 25–31.V.1971; 1 ♂ (TARI), id., but 29.VI.–5.VII.1971; 1 ♂ (TARI), “[China:] Taiwan, Taichung, Puli, 16–19.V.1956”, K.S. Lin”; 1 ♂ “[China:] Taiwan, Nantou, Wushe, 1150 m, 7–8.X.1982, K.C. Chou”; 1 ♂ (SCAU), “[China:] Ningxia, Mt. Liupan, 3–14.VII.2009, Hua-yan Chen”; 1 ♀ + 1 ♂ “[China:] Hubei, Tongcheng, 8.VI.1979”; 1 ♀ + 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Hunan, Liuyang, 30.V.1984, Xin-wang Tong”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Hunan, Liuyang, 20.VI.1985, Xin-wang Tong”; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), “[China:] Hunan, Liuyang, 25.V.1986, Xin-wang Tong”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Hunan, Liuyang, 13.V.1985, Xin-wang Tong”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Hunan, Liuyang, 21.IX.1984, Xin-wang Tong”; 1 ♀ (CAU): “[China:] Guangxi, Guilin, Mt. Qixing, 28.IV.1963, Ji-kun Yang”; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), “[China:] Guangxi, Binzhou, 8.VI.1982, Jun-hua He”; 1 ♀ (SCAU), “[China:] Hainan, Mt. Diaoluo, 29.V.2007, Bin Xiao”.

Apical fifth of ovipositor sheath white (Fig. 204), 1–2 times as long as hind basitarsus; head distinctly excised posteriorly (♂ Fig. 215) or truncate (♀ Fig. 207), with a small triangular depression in front of wide to medium-sized lamelliform occipital carina medio-dorsally, with indistinct minute tubercles and deep cleft (Figs 200, 209); antesternal carina non-lamelliform and narrow (Fig. 201); propleuron 1.0–1.1 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae and rather slender (Fig. 201); head roundly narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view (Figs 207, 215); temple much shorter than eye in dorsal view; antennal segments unknown of types, according to original description third segment about 1.3–1.6 times as long as second segment; malar space partly absent and condylus nearly touching eye; frons and vertex finely densely punctulate and with distinct satin sheen; antero-lateral teeth of pronotum absent, only somewhat angulate; mesoscutum coriaceous and with satin sheen, with minute separate punctures and medio-posteriorly mainly coriaceous with some large oval and round punctures (Figs 202, 211); marginal cell of fore wing elongate; hind coxa moderately slender and largely coriaceous, but dorsally transversely rugose; ovipositor sheath about 0.8–1.1 times as long as body and about 1.3–1.6 times as long as metasoma; hind coxa and pronotal side black; hind basitarsus entirely dark brown and slender, rarely with ivory patch; hind tibia slender and bicoloured (dorsally dark brown, ventrally with rather small ivory subbasal patch).

Syntype, male, length of head and mesosoma (metasoma missing) 6.4 mm.

Head. Vertex excised medio-posteriorly, with satin sheen and densely finely punctulate, moderately convex and with small triangular depression medio-posteriorly, with pair of minute tubercles (Figs 215, 216); head gradually narrowed behind eyes; temple 0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view; third antennal segment (of male?) about 1.5 times as long as second segment according to original description; occipital carina wide lamelliform medio-dorsally (Fig. 209); ocelli comparatively small, OOL 1.4 times as long as diameter of posterior ocellus; face moderately narrow (Fig. 206, 214); malar space partly absent (Fig. 209).

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 2.1 times its height; pronotal side comparatively elongate and mainly coriaceous antero-ventrally; mesoscutum not protruding anteriorly; propleuron 1.1 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae (Fig. 210); antesternal carina narrow and hardly lamelliform; mesoscutum coriaceous and with satin sheen, with minute separate punctures and medio-posteriorly mainly coriaceous with some large oval punctures (Fig. 211); scutellum coriaceous.

Wings. First discal cell parallel-sided and indistinct posterior corner (Fig. 213; cf. ♀ Fig. 208); marginal cell of fore wing slender.

Legs. Hind coxa largely coriaceous, with satin sheen, but partly finely transversely striate dorsally; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.2, 4.8 and 6.2 times their width, respectively (Fig. 212).

Metasoma. Missing.

Colour. Black or dark brown; mandible, tegulae, fore and middle legs (except ivory bases of tibiae), hind leg (but tibia with rather small ivory patch) more or less dark brown; hind tibial spurs brown; pterostigma dark brown; wing membrane moderately infuscate.

Female. Lectotype. Body length 15.4 mm. Head truncate medio-posteriorly in dorsal view, gradually narrowed behind eyes and weakly curved laterally (Fig. 207); temple 0.6 times as long as eye in dorsal view; vertex with a very shallow medio-posterior depression in front of occipital carina; occipital carina medium-sized (Fig. 200); antenna missing; eye glabrous; malar space very short, nearly absent; clypeus without depression, but slightly emarginate ventrally; length of mesosoma twice as long as its height; propleuron moderately slender (Fig. 201), nearly as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; side of pronotum mainly coriaceous, but ventrally with some rugulae and with an indistinct antero-lateral tooth; mesoscutum mainly very finely coriaceous and matt, sparsely weakly punctate; medio-posteriorly with some large round or oval punctures (Fig. 202); scutellum very finely coriaceous; mesopleuron reticulate but partly coriaceous; propodeum reticulate, medio-longitudinal carina absent; metapleuron reticulate dorsally and ventrally rugulose; ovipositor sheath as long as body, 1.5 times as long as metasoma and 4.6 times as long as hind tibia; its apical ivory part 2.1 times as long as hind basitarsus and 0.15 times as long as ovipositor sheath; incision of hypopygium deep and slit-like, 0.4 times length of hypopygium; legs dark brown, subbasal patch of middle and hind tibia ivory (Fig. 203); second-third metasomal tergites slightly red-brown apically; hind basitarsus dark brown; according to original description apical third of antenna brown-yellow.

Variation. Body length 10.0–16.5 mm; of fore wing 5.8–8.5 mm. Female: ovipositor sheath 0.8–1.1 times as long as body, 1.3–1.6 times as long as metasoma and 4.6–6.0 times as long as hind tibia, its apical ivory part 1.0–3.0 times as long as hind basitarsus; temple 0.5–0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view; third antennal segment 1.3–1.6 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.3–1.5 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment 1.1–1.4 times as long as third segment (Fig. 205); length of mesosoma 2.1–2.5 times as long as its height; propleuron 1.0–1.2 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae; legs black or dark brown, basitarsus mainly ivory, ivory patch of hind basitarsus indistinctly. Male: vertex more distinctly depressed medio-posteriorly than female, sometimes as three depressions in front of occipital carina, medio-dorsal one medium-sized and both of lateral ones comparatively shallow temple 0.6–0.7 times as long as eye in dorsal view; third antennal segment 1.0–1.3 times as long as second segment, fourth antennal segment 1.8–2.2 times as long as third segment, fifth antennal segment 1.8–2.3 times as long as third segment; length of mesosoma 2.1–2.2 times as long as its height; propleuron 1.0–1.1 times as long as mesoscutum in front of tegulae.

China (Ningxia, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Hainan).

Unknown. Collected in March–October.